Electric current

Electrostatics

Electrostatics is a branch of science that involves the investigation of phenomena related to what appear to be stationary electric charges. Such phenomena are known as electrostatic phenomena.
It has been known since ancient times that the rubbing of some materials gives them the ability to attract small, light objects. Such materials were found to have acquired an electric charge. Examples of materials that can acquire a significant charge when rubbed together include amber rubbed with wool, glass rubbed with silk, and hard rubber rubbed with fur. This property, first recorded by Thales of Miletus, suggested the word "electricity" from the Greek word for amber, èlectròn.
Although electrostatically induced forces seem to be rather weak, the electrostatic force between an electron (which is negatively charged) and a proton (which is positively charged), together forming a hydrogen atom, is about 40 orders of magnitude stronger than the gravitational force acting between them. The principles of electrostatics play an essential role in a number of technologies, including batteries, fuel cells, electroplating, thermocouples, radio detector diodes, photocells, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), thermoelectric cells, air filters, and xerography. However, undesirable charge accumulation has led to the damage of electronic components during manufacture
Elektrostatika
Elektrostatika - bu statsionar elektr zaryadlari bilan bog'liq hodisalarni o'rganishni o'z ichiga olgan fan sohasi. Bunday hodisalar elektrostatik hodisalar deb ataladi.
Qadim zamonlardan beri ma'lumki, ba'zi materiallarning ishqalanishi ularga kichik, engil narsalarni jalb qilish qobiliyatini beradi. Bunday materiallar elektr zaryadini olganligi aniqlandi. Bir-biriga ishqalanganda sezilarli zaryad olishi mumkin bo'lgan materiallarga jun bilan ishqalangan amber, ipak bilan ishqalangan shisha va mo'yna bilan ishqalangan qattiq kauchuk kiradi. Birinchi marta Miletlik Thales tomonidan qayd etilgan bu xususiyat yunoncha amber, èlectròn so'zidan "elektr" so'zini taklif qildi.
Elektrostatik induktsiya kuchlari juda zaif bo'lib tuyulsa-da, elektron (manfiy zaryadlangan) va proton (musbat zaryadlangan) o'rtasidagi elektrostatik kuch birgalikda vodorod atomini hosil qiladi, ta'sir etuvchi tortishish kuchidan taxminan 40 daraja kuchliroqdir. ular orasida. Elektrostatika tamoyillari batareyalar, yonilg'i xujayralari, elektrokaplama, termojuftlar, radio detektorli diodlar, fotosellar, yorug'lik chiqaradigan diodlar (LED), termoelektrik hujayralar, havo filtrlari va kserografiya kabi bir qator texnologiyalarda muhim rol o'ynaydi. Biroq, nomaqbul zaryad to'planishi ishlab chiqarish jarayonida elektron komponentlarning shikastlanishiga olib keldi