A
Two different characters are presented to our emulation; the one, of proud ambition and
ostentatious avidity. The other, of humble modesty and equitable justice. Two different
models, two different pictures, are held out to us, according to which we may fashion our
own character and behaviour; the one more gaudy and glittering in its colouring; the other
more correct and more exquisitely beautiful in its outline
.
—ADAM SM ITH
t a business meeting in January 1924, Howard Hughes Sr., the
successful inventor and tool magnate, stood up, convulsed, and died
from a sudden heart attack at the age of fifty-four. His son, a quiet,
reserved,
and sheltered boy of just eighteen, inherited three fourths of the private
company, which held patents and leases critical to oil drilling, worth nearly
$1 million. Various family members were bequeathed the remaining shares.
In a move of almost incomprehensible foresight, the young Hughes, whom
many saw as a spoiled
little boy, made the decision to buy out his relatives
and control the entire company himself. Against their objections and still
legally considered a minor, Hughes leveraged his personal assets and nearly
all the company’s funds to purchase the stock, and in doing so, consolidated
ownership of a business that would create billions of dollars of cash profit
over the next century.
It was a bold move for a young man with essentially zero
experience in
business. And it was with similar boldness that over his career he would
create one of the most embarrassing, wasteful, and dishonest business track
records in history. In retrospect, his years at the helm of the Hughes empire
resemble a deranged crime spree more than a capitalistic enterprise.
One cannot argue whether Hughes was gifted, visionary, and brilliant. He
just was. Literally a mechanical genius, he was also one of the best and
bravest pilots in the pioneer days of aviation.
And as a businessman and
filmmaker he had the ability to predict wide, sweeping changes that came to
transform not just the industries he was involved in, but America itself.
Yet, after filtering out his acumen from the legend, glamour, and self-
promotion at which he was so adept, only one image remains: an egomaniac
who evaporated
hundreds of millions of dollars of his own wealth and met a
miserable, pathetic end. Not by accident, not because he was beset by
unforeseen circumstances or competition, but almost exclusively due to his
own actions.
A quick rundown of his feats—if you can call them that—provides a stark
perspective:
After purchasing control of his father’s tool company from his family,
Hughes abandoned it almost immediately except to
repeatedly siphon off its
cash. He left Houston and never stepped foot in the company’s headquarters
again. He moved to Los Angeles, where he decided to become a film
producer and celebrity. Trading stocks from his bedside, he lost more than $8
million in the market leading up to the Depression. His most well-known
movie,
Hell’s Angels, took three years to make, lost $1.5 million on a budget
of $4.2 million, and nearly bankrupted the tool company in the process. Then,
not having learned
a lesson the first time, Hughes lost another $4 million on
Chrysler stock in early 1930.
He then put all this aside to enter the aviation business, creating a defense
contractor called the Hughes Aircraft Company. Despite some astounding
personal achievements as an inventor, Hughes’s company was a failure. His
two contracts during World War II, worth $40 million,
were massive failures
at the expense of the American taxpayer and himself. The most notable, the
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