Edward j. Malecki

With S. Conti and P. Oinas, “Introduction: Rethinking the Geography of Enterprise,” in S. Conti, E.J. Malecki, and P. Oinas, eds. The Industrial Enterprise and Its Environment: Spatial Perspectives. Aldershot: Avebury, 1995, pp. 1-10.

“Culture as Mediator of Global and Local Forces,” in R. Le Heron and B. van der Knaap, eds. Human Resources and Industrial Spaces, London: John Wiley, 1995, pp. 105-127.

“Competitive Manufacturing in the 1990s: Implications for Rural Communities,” in G.A. Bernat and M. Frederick, eds. Rural America and the Changing Structure of Manufacturing: Spatial Implications of New Technology and Organization. A Conference Proceedings. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Agriculture and Rural Economy Division, 1993, pp. 1-33.

“Promoting and Inhibiting Factors in the Regional Environmental System,” in H.J. Ewers and J. Allesch, eds. Innovation and Regional Development: Strategies Instruments and Policy Coordination. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1990, pp. 123-147.

“R&D and Technology Transfer in Economic Development: The Role of Regional Technological Capability,” in R. Cappellin and P. Nijkamp, eds. The Spatial Context of Technological Development. Aldershot: Avebury, 1990, pp. 303-330.

“Technological Innovation and Paths to Regional Economic Growth,” in J. Schmandt and R.W. Wilson, eds. Growth Policy in the Age of High Technology: The Role of Regions and States. Boston: Unwin Hyman, 1990, pp. 97-126.

“Geographic Location of R&D Facilities: Does it Make a Difference?” in T.M. Khalil and B.A. Bayraktar, eds. Management of Technology II: The Key to Global Competitiveness. Norcross, GA: Institute of Industrial Engineers, 1990, pp. 207-215.

With W.B. Beyers, S. Christopherson, R.A. Erickson, L.J. Gibson, G.J.D. Hewings, J.E. McConnell and J. Rees, “Industrial Geography,” in G.L. Gaile and C.J. Willmott, eds. Geography in America. Columbus, OH: Merrill, 1989, pp. 290-315.

With L.M. Stark, “Regional and Industrial Variation in Defence Spending: Some American Evidence,” in M.J. Breheny, ed. Defence Expenditure and Regional Development. London: Mansell, 1988, pp. 67-101.

“Technical Workers and the Location of R&D Facilities,” in T.M. Khalil, B.A. Bayraktar and J.A. Edosomwan, eds. Technology Management I. Geneva: Inderscience Publishers, 1988, pp. 141-149.

With P. Varaiya, “Innovation and Changes in Regional Structure,” in P. Nijkamp, ed. Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics, vol. I: Regional Economics. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1986, pp. 629-645.

“Industry, Government, and the Interregional Division of Labour,” in G. Törnqvist, B. Gyllstrom, J.E. Nilsson, and L. Svensson, eds. Division of Labour, Specialization, and Technical Change: Global, Regional, and Workplace Level. Lund: Sandby Grafiska, Lund, 1986, pp. 110-116.

“Research and Development and the Geography of High-Technology Complexes,” in J. Rees, ed. Technology, Regions and Policy. Totowa, NJ: Rowman and Littlefield, 1986, pp. 51-74.

“High-Technology Sectors and Local Economic Development,” in E.M. Bergman, ed. Local Economies in Transition, Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1986, pp. 129-142.

“Technological Imperatives and Modern Corporate Strategy,” in A.J. Scott and M. Storper, eds. Production, Work, Territory: The Geographical Anatomy of Industrial Capitalism. Boston: Allen and Unwin, 1986, pp. 67-79.

“North America,” in J.F. Brotchie, P. Newton, P. Hall, and P. Nijkamp, eds. The Future of Urban Form: The Impact of New Technology. London: Croom Helm, 1985, pp. 31-38.

“Public Sector Research and Development and Regional Economic Performance in the United States,” in A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change. London: Frances Pinter, 1985, pp. 115-131.

With John Rees, “Technological Change: A Research Agenda,” in B.T. Robson and J. Rees, eds. Geographical Agenda for a Changing World. London: Social Science Research Council, 1982, pp. 27-45.

“Recent Trends in the Location of Industrial Research and Development: Regional Development Implications for the United States,” in J. Rees, G.J.D. Hewings, and H.A. Stafford, eds. Industrial Location and Regional Systems. New York: Bergin, 1981, pp. 217-237.

“Science and Technology in the American Metropolitan System,” in S. Brunn and J. Wheeler, eds. The American Metropolitan System: Present and Future. New York: Winston-Wiley, 1980, pp. 127-144.

Journal Articles:

Malecki, Edward J. (forthcoming) Real people, virtual places, and the spaces in between. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, volume 59, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2016.10.008.

Faggian, Alessandra, Partridge, Mark and Malecki, Ed (forthcoming) Creating an environment for economic growth: creativity, entrepreneurship or human capital? International Journal of Urban and Regional Research.

Koh, Minkyung and Malecki, Edward J. “The emergence of ethnic entrepreneurs in Seoul, South Korea: globalisation from below,” The Geographical Journal, Volume 182, Issue 1 (March 2016), pp. 59–69, doi: 10.1111/geoj.12111.

Thakur, Sudhir K. and Malecki, Edward J. “Regional determinants of research and development institutions in India,” GeoJournal, vol. 80, no. 4, 2015, pp. 533-554, DOI 10.1007/s10708-014-9562-x.

“Geography of Technological Change,” in B. Warf (ed.) Oxford Bibliographies in Geography. New York: Oxford University Press, http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780199874002/obo-9780199874002-0081.xml, 2014.

Baginski, J., Sui, D.Z., and Malecki, E.J. “Exploring the intraurban digital divide using online restaurant reviews: A case study in Franklin County, Ohio,” The Professional Geographer vol. 66, no. 3, 2014, pp. 443-455, DOI: 10.1080/00330124.2013.866431.

“Connecting the Fragments: Looking at the Connected City in 2050,” Applied Geography, vol. 49 (2014), pp. 12-17, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2013.09.004.

Niedzielski, Michael and Edward J. Malecki, “Making Tracks: Rail Networks in World Cities,” Annals of the Association of American Geographers, volume 102, number 6 (November 2012), pp. 1409-1431, DOI: 10.1080/00045608.2011.601212.

“Regional Social Capital: Why It Matters,” Regional Studies, vol. 46, no. 8, 2012, pp. 1023-1039; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2011.607806.

“Connecting local entrepreneurial ecosystems to global innovation networks: open innovation, double networks and knowledge integration,” International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, vol. 14, number 1, 2011, pp. 36-59.

Michael C. Ewers and Edward J. Malecki, “Leapfrogging into the knowledge economy: assessing the economic development strategies of the Gulf States,” Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, vol. 101, no. 5 (December 2010), pp. 494-508.

“Global Knowledge and Creativity: New Challenges for Firms, Workers and Regions,” Regional Studies, vol. 44, number 8 (October 2010), pp. 1033-1052.

Hyejin Yoon and Edward J. Malecki, “Cartoon planet: worlds of production and global production networks in the animation industry,” Industrial and Corporate Change, Volume 19, number 1 (February 2010), pp. 239-271.

“Everywhere? The Geography of Knowledge,” Journal of Regional Science, Volume 50, no. 1 (January 2010), pp. 493-513.

Brant W. Jones, Ben Spigel, and Edward J. Malecki, “Blog links as pipelines to buzz elsewhere: the case of New York theatre blogs,” Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, vol. 37, no. 1 (2010), pp. 99-111.

Edward J. Malecki and Hu Wei, “A Wired World: The Evolving Geography of Submarine Cables and the Shift to Asia,” Annals of the Association of American Geographers, vol. 99 (April 2009), pp. 360-382; reprinted in Global Cities, edited by Peter J. Taylor, Jonathan Beaverstock, Ben Derudder, James Faulconbridge, John Harrison, Michael Hoyler, Kathy Pain, Frank Witlox, Volume III: Infrastructures for Cities in Globalization, edited by Ben Derudder and Frank Witlox. London, Routledge, 2013, chapter 58.

Bruno Moriset and Edward J. Malecki, “Organization vs space: The paradoxical geographies of the digital economy,” Geography Compass, Vol. 3, no. 1 (January 2009), pp. 256-274.

“Geographical Environments for Entrepreneurship,” International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, vol. 7, no. 2 (2009), pp. 175-190.

“Boston’s High-Technology Economy: From Beantown to Genetown,” AAG Newsletter, vol. 43, no. 1 (January 2008), pp. 1, 4-5.

“Cities and Regions Competing in the Global Economy: Knowledge and Local Development Policies,” Environment & Planning C: Government & Policy, vol. 25, no. 5 (2007), pp. 638-654; reprinted in Environment and Planning, Volume C: Government and Policy, edited by Stuart Elden, Trevor J. Barnes, Michael Batty, Robert J. Bennett, Jamie Peck, Nigel Thrift, and Paul A. Longley, Sage, 2011, pp. 385-405.

Edward J. Malecki and Michael C. Ewers, “Labor migration to world cities: with a research agenda for the Arab Gulf,” Progress in Human Geography, vol. 31, no. 4 (2007), pp. 467-484.

L.A. Brown, T. Mott, and E.J. Malecki, “Immigration Profiles of US Urban Areas: With Particular Attention to Mid-Size MSAs and Agents of Resettlement,” The Professional Geographer, vol. 59, no. 1 (February 2007), pp. 56-73.

“How Development Occurs: Local Knowledge, Social Capital, and Institutional Embeddedness,” Urbana, vol. 8 (Fall 2006); http://www.urbanauapp.org/wp-content/uploads/Urbana-Autumn-2006-Volume-VIII-Edward-J.-Malecki.pdf

“Still on Top? Knowledge and Innovation Policy in the USA,” European Planning Studies, volume 13, number 8 (December 2005), pp. 1173-1192.

Hazel A. Morrow-Jones, Katrin B. Anacker, Wenqin Chen, Mark W. Horner, and Edward J. Malecki, “Rapid Property Turnover and Price Changes: An Exploratory Study in Forensic Geographic Information System (GIS),” FOCUS on Geography, vol. 48, number 3 (Fall 2005), pp. 19-25.

“Jockeying for Position: What It Means and Why It Matters to Regional Development Policy When Places Compete,” Regional Studies, vol. 38, no. 9 (December 2004), pp. 1101-1120; reprinted in R. Martin, M. Kitson and P. Tyler (eds.) Regional Competitiveness, London: Routledge, 2006, pp. 111-130.

Gordon Kingsley and Edward J. Malecki, “Networking for Competitiveness: The Role of Informal Linkages for Small Firms,” Small Business Economics, vol. 23, no. 1 (August 2004), pp. 71-84.

Peter Nijkamp, Edward J. Malecki, and Roger Stough, “Editorial: Entrepreneurship and Space in the Network Age,” Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, vol. 16, no. 1 (January 2004), pp. 1-3.

“Fibre Tracks: Explaining Investment in Fibre Optic Backbones,” Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, vol. 16, no. 1 (January 2004), pp. 21-39.

Stanley D. Brunn and Edward J. Malecki, “Looking Backwards into the Future with Brian Berry,” The Professional Geographer, vol. 56, no. 1 (February 2004), pp. 76-80.

Hazel A. Morrow-Jones, Edward J. Malecki and Katrin Anacker, “Challenges of City Planning and City Development in the US: Current Situation and Prognosis,” Petermanns Geographische Mitteilungen, vol. 148, no. 1 (2004), pp. 42-49.

Paul C. Cheshire and Edward J. Malecki, “Growth, Development and Innovation: A Look Backward and Forward,” Papers in Regional Science, vol. 83, no. 1 (January 2004), pp. 249-267; also published in R.J.G.M. Florax and D.A. Plane (eds.) Fifty Years of Regional Science. Berlin: Springer, 2004, pp. 249-267; and in D.A. Plane, L.D. Mann, K. Button and P. Nijkamp (eds.) Regional Planning. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2007, pp. 13-31.

Edward J. Malecki and C.R. Boush, “Telecommunications Technology in the Southeastern United States: Urban and Rural Variation,” Growth and Change, vol. 34, no. 1 (Winter 2003), pp. 109-129.

“Digital Development in Rural Areas: Potentials and Pitfalls,” Journal of Rural Studies, vol. 19, no. 2 (April 2003), pp. 201-214.

Jennifer Evans-Cowley, Edward J. Malecki and Angela McIntee, “Planning Responses to Telecom Hotels: What Accounts for Increased Regulation of Colocation Facilities?” Journal of Urban Technology, vol. 9, no. 3 (December 2002), pp. 1-18.

“The Economic Geography of the Internet’s Infrastructure,” Economic Geography, vol. 78, no. 4 (October 2002), pp. 399-424.

“Local Competition in Telecommunications in the United States: Supporting Conditions, Policies, and Impacts,” Annals of Regional Science, vol. 36, number 3 (September 2002), pp. 437-454.

Sean P. Gorman and Edward J. Malecki, “Fixed and Fluid: Stability and Change in the Geography of the Internet,” Telecommunications Policy, vol. 26, nos. 7-8 (August-September 2002), pp. 389-413.

“Hard and Soft Networks for Urban Competitiveness,” Urban Studies, vol. 39, nos. 5-6, 2002, pp. 929-945.

Päivi Oinas and Edward J. Malecki, “The Evolution of Technologies in Time and Space: from National and Regional to Spatial Innovation Systems,” International Regional Science Review, vol. 25, no. 1, January 2002, pp. 102-131; reprinted in R. Martin (ed.) Economy: Critical Essays in Human Geography. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2008, pp. 401-430; reprinted in W.H. Starbuck (ed.) Organizational Learning and Knowledge Management, volume III: Learning by Populations of Organizations. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2008, pp. 148-177.

“The Internet: Where Does Florida Stand?” The Florida Geographer, vol. 32, 2001, pp. 102-120.

“Knowledge and Regional Competitiveness,” Erdkunde vol. 54, no. 4, 2000, pp. 334-351.

“Soft Variables in Regional Science,” Review of Regional Studies, vol. 30, no. 1 (Summer 2000), pp. 61-69.

S.P. Gorman and E.J. Malecki, “The Networks of the Internet: An Analysis of Provider Networks in the USA,” Telecommunications Policy, vol. 24, no. 2 (March 2000), pp. 113-134.

“Knowledge, Competence, and Regional Development,” Economics of Innovation and New Technology, vol. 9, no. 1, 1999, pp. 71-79.

E.J. Malecki and R.M. Poehling, “Extroverts and Introverts: Small Manufacturers and Their Information Sources,” Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, vol. 11, no. 3, 1999, pp. 247-268.

“Manufacturers in Florida: Large and Small,” The Florida Geographer, vol. 28, 1997, pp. 4-15.

B.M. McDade and E.J. Malecki, “Entrepreneurial Networking: Industrial Estates in Ghana,” Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, vol. 88, no. 3, 1997, pp. 262-272.

E.J. Malecki and D.M. Tootle, “Réseaux de PME manufacturières aux États Unis: La création d’une assise,” Revue Internationale PME [Petits et moyennes entreprises], vol. 9, no. 3-4, 1996, pp. 95-122.

“High Tech, Mickey Mouse, and Oranges: The Development and Coexistence of the Military-Space Industry and Tourism in Central Florida,” The Florida Geographer, vol. 27, 1996, pp. 4-21.

Edward J. Malecki and Deborah M. Tootle, “Networks of Small Manufacturers in the USA: A Summary of Findings,” Regional Policy Letter, Purdue University, Center for Rural Development, no. 5, 1996.

Edward J. Malecki and Deborah M. Tootle, “The Role of Networks in Small Firm Competitiveness,” International Journal of Technology Management, vol. 11, no. 1/2, 1996, pp. 43-57.

“Global Cities and Back Roads: Perspectives on the Southern Economy,” Review of Regional Studies, vol. 25, no. 3 (Winter 1995), pp. 237-246.

“Flexibility and Industrial Districts” (Guest Editorial), Environment and Planning A, vol. 27, no. 1 (1995), pp. 11-14.

R.L. Ivy, T.J. Fik and E.J. Malecki, “Changes in Air Service Connectivity and Employment,” Environment and Planning A, vol. 27, no. 2 (1995), pp. 165-180.

“Entrepreneurship in Regional and Local Development,” International Regional Science Review, vol. 16, nos. 1/2 (1994), pp. 119-153; reprinted in N. Krueger (ed.) Entrepreneurship: Critical Perspectives on Business and Management. London: Routledge, 2002, vol. 1, pp. 329-364; and in Z.J. Acs (ed.) Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2010, chapter 2.

“Teaching Introductory Economic Geography: One American Perspective,” Journal of Geography in Higher Education, vol. 18, no. 2 (1994), pp. 201-206.

Edward J. Malecki and Marlies E. Veldhoen, “Network Activities, Information and Competitiveness in Small Firms,” Geografiska Annaler Series B, vol. 75, no. 3 (1993), pp. 121-137.

Timothy J. Fik, Robert G. Amey, and Edward J. Malecki, “Trouble in Paradise? Employment Trends and Forecasts for a Service-Oriented Economy,” Economic Development Quarterly, vol. 7, no. 4 (November 1993), pp. 358-372.

“Disparities in Technological Development: Comments on the Paper by Caraça,” Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, vol. 83, no. 3 (1992), pp. 169-174.

Edward J. Malecki and Susan L. Bradbury, “R&D Facilities and Professional Labor: Labor Force Dynamics in High Technology,” Regional Studies, vol. 26, no. 2 (April 1992), pp. 123-136.

Timothy J. Fik, Robert G. Amey and Edward J. Malecki, “Changing Employment Profiles and Growth: An Economic Base Study of Florida Counties, 1982-1987,” Growth and Change, vol. 22, no. 3 (Summer 1991), pp. 86-104.

“New Firm Formation in the USA: Corporate Structure, Venture Capital, and Local Environment,” Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, vol. 2, no. 3 (1990), pp. 247-265.

With J. van der Stappen, “Economic Development Organizations in North and Central Florida,” The Florida Geographer, vol. 23 (1989), pp. 2-21.

“Technology, Employment, and Regional Competitiveness,” Economic Development Quarterly, vol. 3, no. 4 (November 1989), pp. 331-338.

“What About People in High Technology? Some Research and Policy Considerations,” Growth and Change, vol. 20, no. 1, Winter 1989, pp. 67-79.

E.J. Malecki and P. Nijkamp, “Technology and Regional Development: Some Thoughts on Policy,” Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, vol. 6 (4), 1988, pp. 383-399.

“The Challenge of Rural Development,” Environment and Planning A, vol. 20, no. 5 (May 1988), pp. 567-568.

“New Firm Startups: Key to Rural Growth,” Rural Development Perspectives, vol. 4, no. 2 (February 1988), pp. 18-23.

“Hope or Hyperbole? High Tech and Economic Development,” Technology Review, vol. 90, no. 7 (October 1987), pp. 45-51; reprinted in Current (March/April 1988), pp. 36-40; abridged version reprinted in Technology Strategies, no. 29 (March 1988), pp. 23-24; reprinted as “High Tech and Economic Development: Hope or Hype?” in T. Forester, ed. Computers in the Human Context. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1989, pp. 462-468.

“The R&D Location Decision of the Firm and ‘Creative’ Regions—A Survey,” Technovation, vol. 6, no. 3 (August 1987), pp. 205-222.

“Regional Development and Regional Policy (Guest Editorial),” Environment and Planning A, vol. 19, no. 7 (1987), pp. 849-851.

“Comments on Scott’s ‘High Technology and Territorial Development in Orange County’,” Urban Geography, vol. 8, no. 1 (1987), pp. 77-81.

“R&D and High Technology: The Potential for Local Economic Development,” Economic Development Commentary, vol. 11, no. 1 (Spring 1987), pp. 13-17.

Edward J. Malecki and Michael J. Hagey, “Local Purchases by Florida High-Technology Firms,” Economic Leaflets (University of Florida Bureau of Business and Economic Research), February 1987, pp. 1-4.

M.J. Hagey and E.J. Malecki, “Linkages in High Technology Industries: A Florida Case Study,” Environment and Planning A, vol. 18, no. 11 (1986), pp. 1477-1498.

Edward J. Malecki and Michael J. Hagey, “Local Purchases by Florida High-Technology Firms,” The Florida Outlook, vol. 10, No. 2 (July 1986), pp. 35-40.

“Word Games and Fuzzy Concepts” (Guest Editorial), Environment and Planning A, vol. 18, no. 3 (1986), pp. 289-290.

“Industrial Location and Corporate Organization in High Technology Industries,” Economic Geography, vol. 61, no. 4 (October 1985), pp. 345-369.

“The Geography of High Technology,” Focus (American Geographical Society), vol. 35, no. 4 (October 1985), pp. 2-9.

“Research on the Military: Why So Little?” (Guest Editorial), Environment and Planning A, vol. 17, no. 4 (1985), pp. 440-441.

“Statement,” in Climate for Entrepreneurship and Innovation in the United States, Hearings before the Joint Economic Committee, U.S. Congress, 98th Congress, 2nd Session, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1985, pp. 44-63.

“High Technology and Local Economic Development,” Journal of the American Planning Association, vol. 50 (Summer 1984), pp. 262-269.

“Military Spending and the American Defense Industry: Regional Patterns of Military Contracts and Subcontracts,” Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, vol. 2, no. 1 (1984), pp. 31-44.

“Technology and Regional Development: A Survey,” International Regional Science Review, vol. 8, no. 2 (October 1983), pp. 89-125.

“On Regional Development” (Guest Editorial), Environment and Planning A, vol. 15, no. 11 (1983), pp. 1429-1430.

“Towards a Model of Technical Change and Regional Economic Change,” Regional Science Perspectives, vol. 13, no. 2 (1983), pp. 51-60.

“Industrial Geography: Introduction to the Special Issue,” Environment and Planning A, vol. 14, no. 12 (1982), pp. 1571-1575.

“Regional Change and Impacts of Technology: Some Tentative Projections for the U.S.,” in W.G. Vogt and M.H. Mickle, eds. Modeling and Simulation, vol. 13, part 3: Socioeconomic Systems. Instrument Society of America, Research Triangle Park, NC, 1982, pp. 927-931.

“Federal R&D Spending in the United States of America: Some Impacts on Metropolitan Economies,” Regional Studies, vol. 16, no. 1 (1982), pp. 19-35.

“Centers of Technology in the Southwest,” Texas Business Review, vol. 56, no. 1 (January/February 1982), pp. 1-5.

“Science, Technology and Regional Economic Development: Review and Prospects,” Research Policy, vol. 10, no. 4 (1981), pp. 312-334.

“Comments on the Scientific-Technical Revolution and Uneven Development in the USSR,” Soviet Geography: Review and Translation, vol. 22, no. 10 (December 1981), pp. 676-684.

L.A. Brown, S.G. Philliber, E.J. Malecki, and K. Walby, “Information Source Usage in the Migration Decision,” Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, vol. 15, no. 6 (1981), pp. 321-330.

“Public and Private Sector Interrelationships, Technological Change, and Regional Development,” Papers of the Regional Science Association, vol. 47 (1981), pp. 121-137.

“A Note on the Geographical Concentration of Scientific Personnel in the U.S.A.,” Scientometrics, vol. 3, no. 2 (1981), pp. 107-114.

“Product Cycles, Innovation Cycles, and Regional Economic Change,” Technological Forecasting and Social Change, vol. 19, no. 4 (1981), pp. 191-206.

“Government Funded R&D: Some Regional Economic Implications,” Professional Geographer, vol. 33 (February 1981), pp. 72-82.

“Firm Size, Location, and Industrial R&D: A Disaggregated Analysis,” Review of Business and Economic Research, vol. 16, no. 1 (Fall 1980), pp. 29-42.