Education of the republic of uzbekistan tashkent state technical university named after islam karimov

TYPES, PROPERTIES, CHARACTERISTICS OF ACTIVATED CARBON AND 
OBTAINING SAMPLES OF GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBONS USING 
COMPOSITE BINDERS 
 
G.M. Gulomova
*
, M.B. Aripxodjaeva, E.B. Abdurakhmonov 
Tashkent State Technical University, 100095, Tashkent, Uzbekistan 
 
Abstract. 
Currently, active coals are widely used in industry: in various technological 
processes of adsorption purification (separation, separation and concentration in gas and liquid 
media), in solving environmental problems (purification of drinking water, wastewater, waste 
gases). 

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№3/2021 year. 
Technical science and innovation 
62 
Improving the equilibrium and kinetic characteristics of the most microporous coals leads 
to an increase in the efficiency of carbon adsorbents in industrial conditions. When choosing the 
type of adsorbent for industrial installations, two distinctive properties of activated carbons 
should be taken into account: hydrophobicity and flammability. 
A negative feature of activated carbon as an industrial adsorbent is its combustibility. In the 
air, the oxidation of coals begins at a temperature above 250 ° C. However, there are known 
cases of fires at carbon adsorption plants at lower temperatures. Obviously, this is due to the 
formation of pyrophoric iron compounds such as FeS and Fe2S3 as a result of hydrogen sulfide 
corrosion of the equipment. 
Keywords:
Activated carbon, carbon-containing organic substances, pyrolysis, granule, 
porous structure, adsorption, coal. 
 
INTRODUCTION.
Activated carbon is the result of firing various carbon-containing 
organic substances (wood, nut shells, olives, other fruit crops, coal coke). The resulting 
substance contains a huge number of pores and therefore has a very large specific surface area 
per unit mass and, as a result, high adsorption.In the porous structure of activated (otherwise 
active) coal, any types of organic micro-impurities are absorbed due to the forces of surface 
interaction (or adsorption). 
It is the pores, their number and size, that affect the adsorption properties of coal. The 
formation of the structure of activated carbon (pore) occurs in the technological process of its 
production due to the use of certain raw materials and calculated modes of its heat treatment 
(carbonation, activation).Sorption capacity is the main factor of activated carbon efficiency. 
Therefore, charcoal is additionally processed (activated) and as a result, coal changes its 
structure - a large number of pores with different volumes are formed. 
The resulting pores are classified into three categories: microspores (from 0.6 to 0.7 
nanometers), microspores (1,5-100-200 nanometers), macrospores (>100-200 nanometers). The 
first and second types of pores are considered the main components of the surface of active 
coals.Activated carbon AG-3 is intended for adsorption from gaseous and liquid media, 
including for the purification of drinking water. 
AG-3 grade activated carbon is obtained in the form of granules from coal dust and binders 
by steam treatment at a temperature of 850-950 °C.Active carbons belong to hydrophobic 
compounds and adsorb primarily hydrophobic substances, which include most organic 
substances (adsorption activity increases with increasing molecular weight and temperature of 
the adsorbent). 
Active coals are obtained from various types of organic raw materials: wood, peat, brown or hard 
coal, animal bones, nut shells, etc.During production, the source material is subjected to heat 
treatment without air access. In this case, volatile substances are removed and a large-porous 
structure is formed, partially filled with resinous substances.This structure is activated by 
oxidizing with carbon (IV) oxide (or water vapor) at 850 - 900 °C (gas activation), or by treating 
with mineral acids (or salts) at a temperature of 200 - 650 °C (chemical activation). 
The name of the coals includes the reagent used for activation, for example, "chlorine 
activation coal". 

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