|
Keywords:
Mineral fertilizer, biochemical process, proteins, nucleic acids, chlorophyll, enzymes,
phosphatides, vitamins, customs system, classification and certification, synchronized system,
code number.
INTRODUCTION.
Mineral fertilizers are mainly used in agriculture, for crops in order
to increase yield. At present, Uzbekistan produces more than 4 million tons of fertilizers a year
[1].
The broad extend of applications and the scarcity of sources of nitrogen compounds have
exacerbated the problem of atmospheric nitrogen fixation. Atmospheric nitrogen is
inexhaustible, with a mass of 80,000 tons of atmospheric nitrogen per hectare. However, very
few plants can absorb molecular nitrogen from the air [2,3].
In world practice, mineral fertilizers are used as one of the main means of increasing the
yield of agricultural crops significantly in a short period of time. Due to the use of fertilizers, the
yield of agricultural crops can be increased by at least 50-60% [4].
MATERIAL AND METHODS.
In modern botany, the dynamics of production of liquid
nitrogen fertilizers and feeding plants with them is growing day by day. Liquid nitrogen
fertilizers are industrially produced minerals that are applied to the soil in liquid form. Liquid
fertilizers include anhydrous ammonia (82% nitrogen), aqueous ammonia (18-20% nitrogen),
ammonia (30-50% nitrogen), solutions of potassium salts (14% K
2
O), phosphoric acid, liquid
complex fertilizers. When liquid fertilizers are applied to the soil before plowing or planting,
they mix well with the soil, do not wash off under the influence of water, and increase the yield
№3/2021 year.
Technical science and innovation
32
compared to when applied with ammonium nitrate. For example, 3.5 t / ha more grain was
obtained from winter wheat at the expense of KAA (urea-ammonia mixture) than the equivalent
dose of ammonium nitrate.
More than 70 chemical elements are involved in the formation, growth and development
of plant tissue [1]. Nitrogen fertilizers play an important role in increasing the productivity of
agricultural crops. Nitrogen is one of the essential nutrients in the life of humans, animals and
plants in living nature. This element participates in important biochemical processes in the body
[1,2,3]. Nitrogen is a component of simple and complex proteins, nucleic acids (RNA and DNA),
chlorophyll, enzymes, phosphatides, many vitamins, and other nitrogenous organic compounds
that play an important role in plant metabolism, which are the main constituents of the cell
cytoplasm and nucleus. When plants are adequately supplied with nitrogen fertilizers, their
synthesis of nitrogenous organic matter increases. As a result, productivity and the amount of
protein in it increase dramatically [3].
The demand for micro-fertilizers in agriculture has recently been realized through the
launch of the production of simple and complex mineral macro-fertilizers in basic forms
enriched with microelements. Their cost-effectiveness has also been found to be high.
Micronutrients are compounds of copper, zinc, iron, cobalt, molybdenum, manganese, barium,
sucrose, as well as phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium, calcium, which has a positive effect on the
soil, significantly increasing its fertility. Such fertilizers ensure the preservation of the beneficial
qualities of the soil, improve the quality of its yield and increase the cold resistance of plants. In
order to determine the role of micro- and macronutrients in plant growth and development, it is
interesting to test their various compounds directly in plants. This is because the normal growth,
productivity and other aspects of a plant depend on the presence of macro- and micronutrients
and the assimilation of these elements by the plant.
Micronutrients are one of the most needed and important products today [5].
Currently, the popularity of urea-ammonia mixtures (KAA) among the producers of
mineral fertilizers in our country is growing day by day. A urea-ammonia mixture is an aqueous
solution of ammonium nitrate and urea that does not contain free ammonia and has certain
technological advantages over granulated solid nitrogen fertilizers.
Today, 89% of farmers in Europe use liquid nitrogen fertilizers. Widespread use of liquid
nitrogen fertilizers are caused by a number of factors such as low cost of nitrogen in liquid
nitrogen fertilizers, low nitrogen loss in the process of applying fertilizers to plants (up to - 10%,
in the application of granulated solid nitrogen fertilizers - up to 30-40%), it takes less time for
loading, transportation and application of such fertilizers, the reduction of technological costs
due to the possibility of applying liquid nitrogen fertilizers in combination with micro-fertilizers
and pesticides, the possibility of using liquid nitrogen fertilizers at different stages of plant
development, simultaneous feeding of plants by root and other vegetative organs.
Urea-ammonium nitrate (KAS) or a mixture of urea and ammonia is a mixture of
concentrated aqueous solutions of urea and ammonium nitrate, the mass fractions of which are
31-36% and 40-44%, respectively. The industry produces three forms of these fertilizers: KAS-
28, KAS-30 and KAS-32, in which the nitrogen content is 28%, 30% and 32%, respectively
[6,7].
The possibility of synthesizing new biologically active compounds on the basis of
ferrocene has been thoroughly analyzed in the literature [8, 9]. It has been reported in the
literature that ferrocene-containing compounds in the molecule can exhibit strong biological
activity due to the specific molecular structure of the ferrocenyl nucleus. One of the reasons for
the low implementation of substances based on ferrocene compounds as biologically active
compounds is explained by the lack of water-soluble stable ferrocene compounds and the
complexity of their production methods. A compound used as a biologically active substance
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
