Education of the republic of uzbekistan national university of uzbekistan named after mirzo

Questions for self-control: 
1.
What is the object of Syntactic Typology?
2.
What basic units for comparison in Syntactic Typology do you know?
3.
Give the definition of the term “sentence”
5. Characterize and compare types of syntactic relations in English, Uzbek and Russian 
languages.
6. The problem of interference in foreign language teaching acquisition. 
§3. Lexicological level 
Main notions of the paragraph: 
1. The semantic volume of lexical units 
2. Full and incomplete words 
The semantic volume of lexical units 
Typology, the subject of which is the word and its meaning in compared 
languages is called lexical typology. 
Words as a structural element of language are characterized 
multidimensionality. Common lexemes of compared languages can have a certain 
15
Extracted from: library.ziyonet.uz/ru/book/87349

---

semantic volume, have certain structural features, form identical verbal series, are 
combined into semantic fields, characterized by a certain motivation, form 
phraseological units, are used in terminological and non-terminological 
vocabulary, function in various styles, correlate with native and borrowed 
vocabulary, are divided into specific and abstract, distributed according to lexical 
and grammatical categories, etc. The presence of similarities in the words of the 
compared languages does not mean the identity of their lexical systems. As 
A.M.Bushuy states, language is primarily a way of organizing information, with 
each language transmitting the same information in different ways, linking it with 
specific material elements. Here are given some examples, Russian word 
подросток
(
teenager)
means age from 12 to 16 years old, whereas in English the 
word 
teenager
corresponds the age from 13 to 19. Russian word
человек
in 
English corresponds to such units as 
man, person, woman,
whereas in Russian it 
is characterized by a wider range of meanings than the corresponding words of 
the English language. The range of meanings assigned to specific words in 
languages is nationally specific. 
In English and Uzbek, studies show that there is a certain number of 
lexically expressed concepts that differ in their volume. In the following table 
(based on A.M.Bushuy and
16
analysis of semantic volume in English and 
Russian) the differences of English and Uzbek is illustrated: