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Н.А. Баскаков.
Введение в изучение тюркских языков, М., 1969, с. 122-123.
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All the consonants except /g/ may be used in the initial positions
o f syllables preceding vowels. The same may be observed in
Uzbek in which the consonant /q/ cannot occur in initial syllables
o f words, while in Russian all 36 consonant phonemes may ap
pear in the initial syllables which precede vowels. More than 50
combinations o f two consonants may occur in the initial syllables
of words in which affricates and two similiar consonants (gemi
nates) cannot take part. There are 230 combinations o f two con
sonants occuring in the initial syllables o f a Russian word'. Their
number is very small in Uzbek as there are no combinations o f
consonants used in the initial position o f the words o f Turkic ori
gin. In modem Uzbek as the result o f linguistic contacts some
combinations o f consonants began to be used in the initial sylla
bles o f words (e. g. stakan, stadion, brigada, shnur, start, prorab,
slesar, traktor etc.).
Many words o f this type have been borrowed from Russian
and other languages through Russian into Uzbek. There are also a
great number o f combinations o f three and four consonants in the
medial and final positions o f the Russian and English words
which do not exist in Uzbek at all or in a very small number used
only in borrowings. According to the number o f phonemes consti
tuting syllables they may be classified into simple and complex.
(2) As we have stated above a syllable is a constructive unit
o f prosodies, i.e. it can be characterized by a certain degree of
stress, i.e. by the force o f utterance, pitch and duration. On the ba
sis o f these properties syllables may be classified into: a) stressed
and unstressed; b) short and long; c) high, mid, low etc. tones in
tone languages such as Chinese, Thai, Japanese etc. in which the
change o f pitch is a distinctive prosodic feature.
English, Russian and Uzbek are languages with dynamic
stress, i.e. the changes in the force (acoustically intensity) o f ut
terance is the primary property in them. But duration and pitch are
secondary properties o f the English, Russian and Uzbek accent.
The stressed syllables o f an English word may be pro
nounced by high tone and become longer, while unstressed sylla
bles are shorter and have a low tone o f voice. Besides fully open
syllable is longer than a closed syllable, e. g. bee /bi:/ - longer,
'
Н.П. Торсуев.
Строение слога и аллофоны в английском языке. М., 1975 с. 102.
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