bilinguals
(speakers in two
languages) and this process is known as
bilingualism.
Bilingual
ism may be of two types: 1)
natural,
when people speak two lan
guages which have mutual contact; 2)
artificial
bilingualism
appears in second language learning when the mother tongue (its
pronunciation habits, grammar, lexicology) influences the lan
guage studied.
These problems are regarded as an object of sociolinguis
tics, which is an interdisciplinary branch of modern linguistics.
The phonetic and phonological features of a language - dialect re
lationship, natural bilingualism and also some types of speech
communities classified by their social characteristics are studied
in a new branch of phonetics, namely
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