Economics and management in the field of ict

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• 2019 йилга нисбатан режага нисбатан
• Пул ўтказмалари
• Коммунал тўловлар
• Revenues from ICT-based services (2, 5, 10).
• CHAPTER 3. IMPROVEMENT OF LOGISTICS ACTIVITY IN JSC “UZBEKISTAN POCHTASI”. 3.1. The main trends in the development of postal logistics.

Кўрсаткич-лар номи	2019 йилнинг шу даврида	2020 йилга режа	Ҳисобот даврида	Ўсиш
Салмоқ ўлчови %
2019 йилга нисбатан	режага нисбатан
1	Ёзма хат-хабарлар	31 177 722	32 894 725	35 824 336	115	109	16,8
2	Пул ўтказмалари	22 676 059	24 416 728	21 907 045	97	90	10,3
3	Посилка	8 891 199	11 120 271	14 287 219	161	128	6,7
4	Даврий нашрлар	16 836 287	17 838 052	16 813 779	100	94	7,9
5	Коммунал тўловлар	15 696 494	18 148 011	22 388 329	143	123	10,5
6	Товарлар сотуви	6 158 828	5 908 485	8 869 224	144	150	4,2
7	Экспорт (ХПЖ)	27 966 393	48 431 745	49 009 617	175	101	23,0
8	Транзит жўнатмалари	2 212 513	4 540 500	8 489 379	384	187	4,0
9	Курьерлик хизмат	4 520 101	4 266 274	3 812 316	84	89	1,8
10	Гибрид	19 443 077	9 769 740	11 364 506	58	116	5,3
11	Мунис	2 764 476	9 264 981	12 957 559	469	140	6,1
11	Бошқалар	5 086 597	12 560 271	7 278 400	143	58	3,4
	Жами	163 429 745	199 159 783	213 001 709	130	107	100

Revenues from ICT-based services (2, 5, 10).

Uzbekiston Pochtasi JSC has a number of shortcomings and problems in its postal logistics. They are the obsolescence of the existing fleets, the lack of vehicles and the problems of further improving the quality of services. Of course, these problems need to be changed for the better.

CHAPTER 3. IMPROVEMENT OF LOGISTICS ACTIVITY IN JSC “UZBEKISTAN POCHTASI”.

3.1. The main trends in the development of postal logistics.

In recent years, logistics has become an integral part of business strategy around the world. Logistics is used in different ways in different enterprises and it depends on innovative opportunities and priorities. In addition to transportation, cargo handling, and warehousing processes, the value chain includes other activities. The main trends in the development of international logistics are based on this.

The globalization of the economy has created fierce competition for jobs and locations among businesses, and trade conditions continue to change in new and rapid ways. The merger of enterprises and the rapid development of information and communication systems will strengthen these processes. The ability to calculate development trends is declining. All of this together leads to a reduction in planning and requires faster decision-making and response. The division of labor in the economy is again built on the basis of communications (e.g., regional networks, cooperative relations, etc.) and logistics, taking into account different distribution systems. That’s why it’s so important to understand where logistics leads.

It is no secret that the globalization of the economy is impossible without well-functioning logistics. The client does not intend to work with several transport and logistics companies, and therefore he seeks authority in various activities in one company, on the principle of "one stop shop". In the automotive industry, this is done as follows: the manufacturer focuses on developing, assembling, and selling the design. The share of participation in the production of the final product in this area decreased to 20%. Parts and components are purchased worldwide, the logistics company delivers them to various industries and distributes the product in the distribution network.

International freight forwarders already provide logistics services and have international networks, but are unable to offer supply chain solutions due to lack of relevant know-how. The main logistics trends can be summarized as follows:

Changes in the production system: from production for the warehouse (to the security) to the order for production. The main challenge for factory managers around the world is to master the production of products according to the individual requirements of customers.

Changes in the distribution of goods. At this level, the traditional vendor structure is coordinated with direct sales through the logistics enterprise. The manufacturer needs logistics management. However, adherence to delivery deadlines is valued more than shortening these conditions.

Merge of merchants and suppliers. Logistics plays an important role in dealing with situations that may occur in procurement, resource delivery, receipt, distribution of goods, or electronic logistics.

Quantitative trends, i.e.: decrease in the number of suppliers. Three-quarters of international enterprises will shrink their supplier base over the next five years. When it comes to sales, shortening delivery times is still important.

The impact of e-business on logistics. Business processes within the B2C concept include more intensive delivery automation, as customers ’demands for shorter delivery times are higher than conventional ordering methods. The emergence of costly delivery logistics and the implementation of after-sales services. Changing processes within the enterprise by expanding e-commerce platforms. The addition of new participants to the supply chain leads to the creation of a “transparent pipeline”.

The changing role of logistics in the international market.

Europe’s third-tier providers (3PLs) are market leaders in terms of availability and process capability. In recent years, the growth rate of European logistics suppliers in the U.S. and European markets has been 10% per year. Given B2C development in the future, this figure will increase.

Occupying the logistics market by fourth-tier providers (4PL). He manages the supply chain manager, his logistics, resources and capabilities, as well as other logistics enterprises with which he has a partnership to offer the customer a complete set of supply chain solutions. Thus, a Level 4 logistics provider, as a network integrator, manages all organizational and information processes in the supply chain or allows the use of outsourcing based on the application of the “Best Practice” method for individual processes in order to increase performance. The entire network of Level 4 providers assumes some parts of the supply chain in creating their value and manages the entire business by involving other logistics enterprises. They develop unique solutions to manage complex networks or individual processes within a network.

In logistics, the unification of regions has begun. This is spreading to new regions, but the current trend continues - European logistics companies are adjusting prices and their commercial offerings to the conditions of new countries.

The distribution system in trade is changing. The European logistics network is also expanding to new countries. Additional investments will be directed to the creation of new trade routes and logistics centers. Currently, for example, in Russia, Western-style logistics parks are being created to meet the demand for Class A warehouses. However, the main issue remains the inclusion of multimodal freight.

Railway change. European Railways should strive for leadership in system management and partnerships. New pricing systems should increase the rate at which railways react to changes.

DHL Innovation Management, in collaboration with consulting firm Detecton, concluded that logistics is influenced by many trends. The most important of these are defined as megatrends.

These megatrends:

- Digitization;

- Replacement;

- Sustainability;

- Ongoing globalization;

- Removal;

- Demographic change and urbanization.

In addition to the identified megatrends, it is worth noting the impact of new technologies emerging in the field of logistics and their development trends.

These new technologies have the biggest impact:

-Next generation mobile devices: smart devices and tablets;

-Bluetooth-based market areas;

-Internet of everything;

-Internet things;

-Mobile application;

-Calculate in memory, etc.

Combining megatrends and new technologies, DHL has identified existing trends in logistics and divided them into two categories:

-Social and business trends;

-Technological trends;

Social and business trends Supergibrid logistics is a very important logistics trend. There is a tendency for interconnected and super-network networks to be created in major urban areas, and these networks will one day be connected to major international mega-cities that will play the role of logistics hubs. This trend has already begun. The United States Postal Service has caused one problem. The problem is the existence of last mile routes “to connect people from the countryside to the world”. This segment will also be very interesting for postal logistics providers.

There are two dominant influences in the real-time service trend: real-time tracking services (e.g., item position information services) and real-time order management (along the way ordering). There are various mobile applications in postal logistics for this logistics trend.

Expected logistics is an improved way of forecasting demand for items. This is especially true for military operations. Estimated logistics planning is especially important in e-commerce. Companies analyze a user’s search engine, purchase history, preferences, and prepare an order before placing an order. According to the decision of the Federal Ministry of Education and Research, 85% of the European population will live in cities by 2050. The existing infrastructure does not guarantee a stable supply chain of goods and services. Postal, parcel, express and other logistics companies are exploring new opportunities for uraban areas. Urban logistics plays a very important role in the field of logistics. Logistics is done by better linking stores and e-commerce opportunities. There are several options, one of which is that the user can, for example, go to the store and see the item he likes and order it for home delivery or order it online and take it to the store. This trend is starting to appear in postal logistics.

Universal Postal Union (UPU) 140-year trends in global mail exchange data collection technologies. In mail technology, this term is known as large mail data. A December report from the Universal Postal Union said: "Even if you call or send a letter, you leave a digital mark on your tracks." The private sector can use this information to improve business. Mail data is the key to global development, and UPU has realized that data is in the public interest. Researchers have shown how big data can be used to optimize public transport in African cities with bus routes with mobile phone traffic. This allowed them to create new routes that would save passengers 10 percent of transit time. Postal and logistics companies can benefit by switching IT values ​​to bleutooth across the entire value chain. Many postal and logistics companies have embarked on a bluetooth migration journey. TNT uses bluetooth to support front and back office work. Postal and logistics companies can benefit from offering their services via bluetooth. The services are available anytime and anywhere. Wegner Autonomous Logistics is the implementation of systems that provide a variety of capabilities in the field of storage and transportation of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), mobile transport systems and other similar systems. In the coming years, such systems will become a reality and the postal logistics industry cannot be imagined without their use. All fast delivery companies are considering autonomous logistics over the air.

3D Printing was presented as an automated method used to produce prototypes. There are several technologies and most of them work on the principle of building layers of material. The materials used in 3D printing are mainly plastic and ceramic. 3D printing is a technology that changes people’s lives. With that in mind, 3D printing has a big impact on a logistics company. Manners-Bell and Ken Lion noted that this trend will create new opportunities and develop a new sector dealing with the storage and transportation of raw materials used by 3D printers. To work in remote locations with existing 3D printers, you only need an electronic library with data and a computer. The combination of 3D scanners, computers, 3D printers allows you to print the desired object. The Universal Postal Union saw the importance of the so-called “internet of things” trend. The term “Internet of Things” has been adapted for postal words and has become “postal internet”. If “internet of things” is said, it usually means the use of sensors that activate physical objects, such as letters and packets that collect various information in real time over the Internet. In this way, “big data” is obtained for analysis. This will help any company to promote their business or develop a new set of services.

The proliferation of technologies is causing huge waves across industries, and the logistics and supply chain may be one of the most affected areas. The logistics industry is known for its heavy use of manual processes and large amounts of data stored in different ways and in different locations, and is most likely to benefit from the introduction of new technologies and adherence to supply chain and logistics technology trends. can have achievements.

In recent years, the logistics industry has made great strides in areas such as artificial and advanced intelligence, advanced analysis and automation. These technologies are evolving faster than ever, and startups with new solutions and innovations are evolving at a faster pace. But these innovations are adding new demands and standards, forcing logistics companies to adapt or lag behind. But the development of technology is not the only major change affecting the industry. From the new rules on transportation to the escalation of global tensions and trade wars, as well as the economic downturn, logistics companies need to be vigilant and ready for 2021. For example, carriers are already working hard to meet the global 0.5% cap on sulfur. IMO estimates that this could affect about 70,000 vessels and lead to a 20-30 percent increase in total fuel costs, which could eventually be delivered to buyers.

Companies in the logistics and supply chain sector must continue to prepare with innovation for all of these major changes. From digital twins to the appearance of a real-time delivery chain, Transmetrics has identified the 10 most important logistics technology trends that DHL needs to follow in 2021:

- Artificial and extended intelligence;

-Digital twins;

-Real view of the supply chain;

-Blockchain;

-Data standardization and advanced analysis;

-The growing importance of newcomers to the industry;

-Increase investment in logistics startups of Enterprises;

- Work on the basis of sustainable technology;

- Autonomous vehicles;

-Warehouse robots.

12-picture. Artificial and extended intelligence.

Over the past few years, the logistics industry has begun to incorporate artificial intelligence solutions into its operations, including intelligent transportation, route planning, and demand planning - but that’s just the beginning. From the robots and stability solutions that deliver the last mile to automated collection systems and predictive optimization programs in the warehouse, artificial intelligence is already making big changes in the logistics industry. Carriers, carriers, suppliers and buyers can all expect to benefit from these logistics technology trends that will continue in 2021.

Along with artificial intelligence, enhanced intelligence is also expected to accelerate in use. Enlarged intelligence combines the human mind with automated processes of artificial intelligence. For example, the use of advanced intelligence in logistics planning may even outperform artificial intelligence alone, as it does not involve human planners (experience, responsibility, customer service, flexibility, common sense, etc.). 'can combine data with artificial intelligence technology. One can expect logistics companies to implement advanced intelligent solutions, which will ultimately allow logistics professionals to do their jobs faster, while reducing errors and saving costs.

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