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State-owned Enterprise (SOE): государственная компания (IFC) (gosudarstvennaja kompanija; L.t.: state company);
Enterprise Risk Management (ERM): управление рисками компании (IFC) (upravlenie riskami kompanii; L.t.: management of the risks of a company);
Non-for-profit Entity, Non-profit Entity: некоммерческая организация (IFC) (nekommercheskaja organizacija; L.t.: non-commercial organization).
Public Enterprise: публичное предприятие (UN-1) (publichnoe predprijatie; L.t.: public enterprise).
Proper lexicographic work can strengthen the organized development of terminology as “communicative and cognitive user situations are directly related to the dynamics” (Fuertes Olivera & Nielsen, 2014, p. 219) of Management terminology, in this case. Dictionaries and glossaries should provide users with relevant information. Accordingly, authors should give attention to “the principle of relevance”, which “states that the selection and treatment of dictionary data are directly related with the nature of the data to be included, the function(s) of the dictionary and the user situation in which the dictionary is intended to be used” (ibidem, p. 220). Accordingly, dictionaries should provide comprehensive definitions, usage notes, comments and preferably synonyms and antonyms of a term (ibidem, 219-224). For example, the Management term custodian, standing for “a financial institution that holds customers' securities for safekeeping so as to minimize the risk of their theft or loss” (Investopedia) has the following equivalents in Russian:
кастодиан (IFC) (kastodian; L.t.: a custodian);
попечитель (банк или иная организация, ответственные за сохранность финансовых активов) (Lingvo) (popechitel' (a comment); L.t.: a trustee (a bank or another organization, responsible for the safety of financial assets);
депозитарий (Academic) (depozitarij; L.t.: Depositary (= Synonym));
лицо, наделенное ответственностью за доверительное владение (IFC) (lico, nadelennoe otvetstvennost'ju za doveritel'noe vladenie; L.t.: a person, vested with the responsibility for confidential possession).
The existence of DT with Additional or Irrelevant Components (лицо, наделенное ответственностью за доверительное владение (IFC)) proves that the term does not have a stable form in Russian. An inexperienced user could choose the Direct Loan form: кастодиан (IFC). However, the dictionary (Academic) provides a comment, that this form is mostly used in colloquial speech in Russia, while in Kazakhstan it is used as a full-fledged term (Academic, translation from Russian). In addition to this, the study of Ruscorpora reveals the leading equivalents for the term custodian: попечитель (Lingvo) and депозитарий (Academic), each term appears in Ruscorpora documents more than 500 times (Ruscorpora).
The dynamics of Corporate Governance Terminology is also influenced by the existence of International Management Standards of term creation and national term formation patterns. For example, the previously mentioned term form попечитель (Lingvo) is the Direct Translation Equivalent, which was based on Russian: опекать (opekat’; L.t.: to be a trustee for somebody, to take care of somebody). The term form депозитарий (Academic) is based on the English word depository, which is based on the “Medieval Latin depositorium” – “place where things are deposited” (Online Etymology Dictionary). Accordingly, the Russian word competes with the established English form to designate the Management concept. English strongly influences Russian in the field of Corporate Governance and it also influences term translation to a considerable extent. Accordingly, “the idea of globalization” can be regarded as “a working factor” in term dynamics (Fuertes Olivera & Nielsen, 2014, p. 226). According to Kristiansen (2014, p. 245), as far as the field of Financial Accounting is concerned, “the greatest challenge” in the process of international accounting standards adaptation “has not necessarily been to choose the best terminology to denote the various accounting concepts, but to delineate the concepts in such a way that the adaptation to a national accounting legislation is successful” (ibidem).
Similarly, in Business terminology, the problem stems not from the choice of a suitable term equivalent, but from the strict delineation of concepts. This should ensure the successful adaptation of international terms to National Management Standards.
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