|
Natijalar va muhokama
Virus kasalliklarining alomatlari bo'lgan barglar - sarg'ish, qoplangan qismlar yoki butun barglar alomatsiz barglar bilan ajralib turadi .Pastki va o'rta barglardagi nervlarning atrofida sarg'ish chiziqlar paydo bo'ldi. Biz nurni kuzatdik yuqori barglar chiziqlar bilan birga yuqori barglarda to’q yashil rangni aniqlash .Ba'zan virusli kelib chiqishni aniqlash engil va qiyin kechadi. Maxsus viruslarning xarakteristikasi, masalan. TSWV tomonidan olib borilgan eski barglarning bronzalanishi AMV 40%1,0 va 1,0dan ortiq optik zichlikdagi (OD) yuqori Virusli konsentratsiyadagi tahlil qilingan o'simliklarning.Yaylovning past darajada bo'lishiga qaramasdan, Alyans o'simliklarida AMV konsentratsiyasi yuqori bo'lgan,bu, ehtimol, bu yengil yog 'ishlab chiqaradigan zavodda tez-tez tashkil etilishiga yordam berdi. (Kovachevsky, 1975; Bellardi va boshqalar, 1999).
Salvia sclarea leaf, slightly spotted by virus diseases – on the left; Symptomless leaf of the same plant species- on the right
Three old leaves with TSWV bronze spotting – on the left, top and bottom
Symptomless leaf –on the right
Salvia sclarea yaprog'i,
virusli kasalliklarga chalingan - chapda;
simptomsiz barglari- o'ngda
TSWV bronza dog'li virusi uchta eski barg - chapda, tepada va pastda
Semptomsiz barg - o'ngda
KYV bu kartoshkani kasallantiruvchi asosiy virus hisoblanadi. Virus patoviruslar oilasiga mansub. Bu virus qalampir, pomidor va boshqa ósimliklarni kasallantirishi mumkun. Virus shiralar bilan nopersistent tipida va mexanik kontakt yóli bilan kasal ósimliklardan tarqaladi. Virus kópincha tuganaklarda saqlanadi. KYV kópincha boshqa viruslar bilan ( X, S, A, K,) bilan kombinatsion holda uchrashadi.
Simtomlari (belgilari): barg tomiri oralari chiziqli va gofri singari chiziqlar hosil bóladi. Barg rangi ochiq tuska enadi va barg chekkalari bóylab burishadi. Virus bilan zararlangandan keyin barg tomirlari yoni hujayralari shishib boshlaydi. Bu bargdagi assimilyatsiya mahsulotlarining yiǵilib qolishi natijasida bóladi. Bunda (KYV) da barglar asta sekin nobut bóladi va qurib qoladi, lekin barglar tókilib tushmaydi. KYV ning salmoqli kópayishi issiq ob-havo vaqtiga tóǵri keladi, bu vegetatsiya davrining órtasiga tóǵri keladi. KYV ósimlikni zararlar ekan, bunda ustritsali apparatning ish faolyati buziladi va ósimlik tóqimalarining suv tutib turishi yani suv saqlashi buziladi. Gibbs va Harrison klassifikatsiyasi bo`yicha KXV poteksviruslar oilasiga mansub. Virus tabiiy sharoitda kontakt usulda yuqishini Smit birinchi (1933) bo‘lib isbotlab bergan, ammo oxirgi yillardagi adabiyotlarda virusning tuproq va o‘simlik shirasi (Aphis) yordamida tarqalishi haqida ma’lumotlar bor.
Virus mexanik usulda yuqtirilganda Gomphrena globosa o‘simligi bargida 5-6 kun o‘tgandan so‘ng qizil halqali nekroz , Datura stramonium L., D. tatula L. o‘simliklarida 20-22 kundan so‘ng bargda sistemali mozaika, D. metel L. o‘simligida esa yashil mozaika belgilarini keltirib chiqaradi.
Six plant viruses, causing diseases on S. sclarea were established in the period from 2008 to 2013 in Bulgaria. They were: Аlfalfa mosaic virus-AMV, Cucumber mosaic virus (СМV), Tobacco mosaic virus (ТМV), Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) Broad bean wilt virus (BBWV) and Potato virus Y (PVY). These viruses were identified by ELISA method (variant DAS-ELISA) and some of them (CMV and TSWV) by the indicator method on suitable test plants. These viral pathogens on clary sage are pathogens for many agricultural cultures, too.
So S. sclarea could be considered as an important host of different viruses – polyphagues.
Sclarea kasalliklarini keltirib chiqaradigan oltita o'simlik viruslari 2008 yildan boshlab 2013 yilgacha Bolgariyada o’rganilgan. Ular quyidagilardir: "Alfalfa" mozaikasi virusi - AMV, bodring mozaikasi virusi (CMV), tamaki mozaikali virus (TMV), pomidorni qurigan ildiz virusi (TSWV) keng fasolga virus (BBWV) va kartoshka virus Y (PVY). Ushbu viruslar ELISA usuli (DAS-ELISA variant) va ba'zi birlari bo'yicha indikator uslubiga ko'ra (CMV va TSWV) mos sinov zavodlari tomonidan aniqlandi.. Ushbu virus patogenlar ko'plab qishloq xo'jaligi ekinlari uchun ham patogen mikroorganizmlar hisoblanadi.
Shunday qilib, S. sclarea turli xil viruslar AMV, CMV, TMV, TSWV, BBWV va PVY patogenlik qiladi.
References
1. Dikova, B., (2010). Virus diseases on economically important essential oil-bearing and medicinal plants in Bulgaria. Scientific Works, Volume IV, Part II, p. 90-95 from Scientific Conference with International Participation “Science and Society”, Kurdjali, October, 13-14, 2010.
2. Dikova, B., (2011). Tomato spotted wilt virus on some medicinal and essential oil-bearing plants in Bulgaria. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 17, (3), 306 – 313.
3. Dikova, B., (2012). Virus diseases on some essential oil-bearing and medicinal plants in Bulgaria. Agricultural 8. Dikova, B., (2013). Cucumber mosaic virus on essential oil-bearing and medicinal plants in Bulgaria. Agricultural Science, 46, 1, 39-49.
4. Bellardi, MG, CR Autonell, A. Bertaccini, (1999). Virus and phytoplasma infections on officinal plants in Emilia-Romagna. Informatore Fitopatologico, 49 (6), 47-53.
5. Bellardi, MG., C. Rubies-Autonell, C.Cerato, (2001b). Identification of an isolate of potato virus Y- tuber necrotic strain on clary sage (Salvia sclarea). Plant Disease, 85, 1207.
6. Bellardi, MG, CR Autonell, S. Biffi, V.Cavrini, (2001a). Viral infections of Salvia sclarea. The influence of Broad bean wilt virus (BBWV) on the essential oil. Natural,1, 91-95.
7. Clark, M., A. Adams. (1977). Characteristics of the Microplate Method of Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Detection of Plant Viruses. – J. Gen. Virol., 34, 475 –483.
8. Kovachevsky, I., (1976). New hosts of Alfalfa mosaic virus in Bulgaria. Plant protection Science, 3, 5-12.11. 9.Noordam, D. (1973). Identifications of Plant Viruses. - Wageningen PUDOC.
10. Pisi, A., Vicchi, V, (1989). Infection by Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) on Salvia sclarea in Italy. Informatore Fitopathologico, 39, 49-51.
11. А.Ҳ. ВАҲОБОВ “ВИРУСОЛОГИЯ Асослари” ТОШКЕНТ – 2017
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
