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Tobamoviruslar [R/1:2/ 5:Е/Е :S/ О]
Бу гуруҳ тамаки мозаикаси вируси (tabacco mosaic virus), томат мозаикаси вируси, турли дуккакликлар вирусларини ҳамда қовоқсимонлар, кактуслар вирусларини ўз ичига олади. Булардан энг кўп тарқалганлари тамаки мозаикаси вируси бўлиб, узунлиги 300 нм, эни 18 нм ни ташқил қилади. Кўпгина ўсимликларга механик усулда юқади, мозаика ва некроз каби симптомлар ҳосил қилади.
Salvia sclarea (L.) – clary sage Lamiaceae family is cultivated as a biennial medicinal plant and for use as essential oil containing flavoring. The distillated essential oil is widely used for perfumes and as an aromatic tool for flavoring wines and liqueurs. It is largely used in aromatherapy for lightening anxiety, fright and insomnia.
The medicinal plant species S. sclarea is important for the pharmaceutical industry. The virus infections cause diseases that reduce plant yields and deterioration of essential oils and other curative substances’ quality. Kovachevsky (1976) used the name musk horse basil for S. sclarea. According to the same author, the infection of this medicinal plant species with Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) causes intensive yellow mosaic, especially on the young leaves.
Salvia sclarea (L.) - oddiy shamdam Lamiaceae oilasi dorivor o'simlik sifatida yetishtiriladi, va yog ‘i xushbo'y hidli mahsulot sifatida ishlatiladi. Distillangan efir moyi keng tarqalgan bo'lib, parfyumeriya va sharob va likyorlarni lazzatlash uchun aromatik vosita sifatida ishlatiladi. U katta miqdorda qo'rquv va uyqusizlik uchun aromaterapiya sifatida ishlatiladi. Dorivor o'simlik turlari S. sclarea farmatsevtika sanoati uchun muhim ahamiyatga ega. Virus infektsiyalar o'simlik rentabelligini kamaytirish va efir moylarini va shifobaxsh moddalarning sifati boshqalarni yomonlashishiga olib keladigan kasalliklar keltirib chiqaradi. Kovachevskiy (1976) muallifga ko'ra, bu dorivor o'simlik turini Alfalfa mozaikasi virusi (AMV) bilan kasallanganda ayniqsa, yosh barglarda intensiv sariq mozaikaga sabab bo'ladi.
Symptomless leaves of Salvia sclarea
Figure 4. Entire plant of Salvia sclarea with leaves, severely spotted by virus diseases and deformed top leaves and flowers
Salvia sclareaning simptomsiz barglari
4-rasm.Virusli kasalliklarga chalingan Salvia sclarea o'simligining barglari va gullari deformatsiyalangan barglari bo'lgan
Characteristic symptoms on almost 60-70% of plants were chlorotic mosaic and/or yellow rings on the leaves and stunting. The virus was mechanically transmitted to herbaceous species belonging to Chenopodicaeae, Compositae, Cucurbitaceae and Solanaceae families.
O'simliklarning deyarli 60-70 foizida xarakterli alomatlar xlorotik mozaik va barglar ustida sariq halqalar kuzatilgan.
Virus mexanik ravishda Chenopodicaeae, Compositae, Cucurbitaceae va Solanaceae oilalariga tegishli bo'lgan turlarga o'tkazildi.
In leaf-dip preparations elongated rod-shaped particles (of about 300 nm in length) were observed; examination of ultrathin sections of small symptomatic leaf fragments of S. officinalis revealed the presence of amounts of virus particles, associated with chromosomes, scattered in the cytoplasm. The essential oil from both healthy and virus-infected sage plants was evaluated by means of GC-MS with the aim of identifying differences due to the diseases. The oil yields were 4mL/kg and 4,5 mL/kg for healthy and infected sage respectively.
Bargli dori preparatlarida (taxminan 300 nm uzunlikdagi) chuqurlikdagi uzunroq zarralar kuzatildi; S. officinalis kichik simptomatik barglari bo'linmalari ultratovush qismlarini tekshirish sitoplazmaga tarqalgan xromosomalar bilan bog'liq virus zarralari miqdorini aniqladi. Sog'lom va virusga chalingan shox o'simliklardan olingan efir moyi kasalliklar tufayli farqlarni aniqlash maqsadida GC-MS yordamida tarkibi baholandi. Sog'lom va kasallangani uchun navbati 4,5 mL / kg va 4 mL / kg edi.
The composition of the essential oil from infected S. officinalis “Maxifolia” plants did not show significant differences when compared with healthy samples. Only a slight increase in sesquiterpenes and a decrement in aliphatic monoterpene content was noticed. From these studies, it is evident that composition of oils from sage is highly dependent not only on genotype, vegetative stage, agronomic factors and environmental conditions of the crops, but also to the phytopathological status of essential oil bearing plants.
Kasallangan S. officinalis o'simliklaridagi efir moyining tarkibi sog'lom misollarga nisbatan sezilarli farq qilmadi. Terpenlarda faqat bir oz ortish va alifatik monoterpen tarkibida pasayish kuzatildi. Ushbu tadqiqotlar natijasida shtatdan olingan yog'larning tarkibi nafaqat genotipga, vegetativ davrga, agronomik omillarga va ekinlar ekologik sharoitlariga bog'liq, balki ayni paytda yog’(moy) olinadigan o'simliklarning fitopatologik holatiga ham bog'liqdir.
The research was carried out at the Plant Protection Division of the Institute of Soil Science, Agrotechnologies and Plant Protection “Nikola Poushkarov”, Sofia, Bulgaria. The clary sage samples were collected in the trial fields of the Institute of Rose, Essential and Medicinal cultures near Kazanlak, Bulgaria.
Tadqiqot Tuproq institutining o'simliklarni himoya qilsh bo'limida olib borildi, agrotexnologiyalar va o'simliklarni himoya qilish "Nikola Pushkarov", Sofiya, Bolgariya. Ushbu Rose, Essential va Institute institutlarining tajriba maydonlarida Bolgariyaning Kazanlak yaqinidagi dorivor o'simliklar namunalaridan kasallangan salvia namunalari to'plangan.
Barglarda virusli kasallik belgilari, alomatlari bo'lmagan Salvia sclareaning yosh vegitativ qismi
Salvia sclarea leaves, spotted by virus diseases
Young plantation of Salvia sclarea without symptoms of virus diseases on the leaves
Salvia sclareaning virusli kasalliklarga chalingan barglari
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