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Banu Isra᾿iil (Alexandria: Dar al-Ma῾rifa al-Jami῾iyya, 1999), 146.
5. Jamal al-Din Ḥamdan, al-Yahud Antrupulujiyyan [Jewish Anthropology]
(Cairo: Dar al-Hilal, 1996), 120.
6. Ḥidyab (Also known as Adiabene) was a Jewish emirate that existed on
Issues of Jewish History as Reflected in Modern Egyptian Historiography · 251
the left bank of the Tigris in the north of Iraq between 36 bc and 115 ac. Ḥimyar
existed in Yemen from 115 bc to 525 ad.
7. Ḥamdan, al-Yahud Antrupulujiyyan, 73.
8. A. Nathan Pollack, Kazaria: Toldot Mamlakha Yehudit Be᾿eropa (Tel Aviv:
Mosad Bialik, 1951); Arthur Koestler, The Khazar Empire and Its Heritage (New
York: Random House, 1976). See, e.g., Musa Mutlaq Ibrahim, W῾ad al-Tawrah
min Ibrahim Ila Hertzel (Beirut: Dar Amwaj, 1994), 276; Zubayda ῾Aṭa, The Jews
in the Arab World, 1:21 and 50.
9. Zubayda ῾Aṭa, The Jews in the Arab World, 1:21.
10. Saleḥ al-Rukub, Falastin bayna al-W῾ad al-᾿Ilahi al-Ḥaq wal-W῾ad al-Yahudi
al-Muftari (Gaza, 1998), 25.
11. S῾ad Salman ῾Abdallah al-Mashhadani, al-Nashaṭ al-Di῾a᾿ii fi al-῾Iraq
(Cairo: Maktabat Madbuli, 1999), 51.
12. Fu᾿ad ῾Ali Ḥasanen, al-Tawrah al-Hiroglifiah (Cairo: Dar al-Kitab al-῾Arabi,
1968).
13. Zubayda ῾Aṭa, The Jews in the Arab World, 1:30.
14. Muḥammad Ḥasan Khalifa, al-Ta᾿rikh al-Yahudi al-Qadim wa῾alaqatuhu bil-
Ta᾿arikh al-Falastini al-Qadim (Cairo: Cairo University, 2000), 19.
15. See, e.g., ῾Abd al-Ḥamid al-Najjar, al-Taṭawwur al-Ta᾿rikhi Libani Isra᾿iil
(Cairo: Dar al-Fikr al-ḥadith, 1972): 44.
16. Ḥasan Khalifa, al-Ta᾿rikh al-Yahudi, 11.
17. Ya᾿ir Hofman, Sugiyot bebikoret ha-mikra (Tel Aviv: Ministry of Defense,
1997), 81–86.
18. Aḥmad Shalabi, Muqaranat al-Adyan (Cairo: Maktabat al-Nahḍa al-
Miṣriyya, 1978), 51.
19. Aḥmad Sousa, al-῾Arab Wal-Yahud fi al-Ta᾿rikh (Damascus: al-῾Arabi
lil᾿i῾lan wal-Nashr, 1973), 860.
20. ῾Ali Muḥammad Shaḥaṭa Rayya, al-Yahud fi Bilad al-Mghrib al-Aqṣa fi ῾Ahd
al-Mariniyn wal-Waṭasiyin (Damascus: Dar al-Kalima, 1999), 219.
21. Qasem ῾Abdu Qasem, al-Yahud fi Miṣr (Cairo: Dar al-Shuruk, 1993), 125–
26, hereafter Qasem, Jews of Egypt.
22. Ḥasan Ẓaẓ, al-Samiyun walughatuhum (Cairo: Dar al-Ma῾arif, 1971): 87.
23. Zubayda ῾Aṭa, The Jews in the Arab World, 1:12.
24. The Society for Israeli-Egyptian Research was founded in Cairo in 1925
by Jewish intellectuals and dealt with research into Jewish history. See ῾Arafa
῾
Abdu ῾Ali, Malaff al-Yahud fi Miṣr al-Ḥaditha (Cairo: Maktabat Madbuli, 1993,
hereafter ῾Abdu ῾Ali ῾Arafa, The Jews’ Binder); Maḥmud Sa῾id ῾Abd al-Ẓaher,
Yahud Miṣr: Dirasa fi al-Mawqif al-Siyasi, 1897–1948 (Cairo: Marqaz al-Abḥath
al-Sharqiyya, 2000), 7–76.
25. Zubayda ῾Aṭa, The Jews in the Arab World, 2:9.
26. Muṣṭafa Kamal ῾Abd al-῾Alim, al-Yahud fi Miṣr fi ῾Asr al-Baṭalma wal-Ru-
man (Cairo: Maktabat al-Qahira al-Ḥaditha, 1968); Al-Khashab ῾Abd al-Muḥsin,
Ta᾿rikh al-Yahud al-Qadim fi Miṣr (Cairo: Maktabat Madbuli, 1989) hereafter ῾Abd
al-Muḥsin, The Ancient History of the Jews.
252 · Rachel Maissy-Noy
27. See, e.g., ῾Ali Shalash, al-Yahud wal-Masun fi Miṣr (Cairo: al-Zahra lil᾿i῾lan
al-῾|arabi, 1986), 34, hereafter Shalash, The Freemasons in Egypt).
28. See, e.g., Zubayda ῾Aṭa, The Jews in the Arab World, 1:40–50.
29. ῾Abd al-Muḥsin, The Ancient History of the Jews, 186.
30. Zubayda ῾Aṭa, Jews in the Arab World, 1:18; ῾Abd al-Muḥsin, The Ancient
History of the Jews, 223; Ṭu῾ayma, Between Religion and History, 463.
31. See, e.g., Muḥammad ῾Abdu and Khayriah Qasimia, Yahud al-Bilad al-
῾
Arabiyya (Beirut: Marqaz al-Abḥath, 1971), 8–9.
32. Nariman ῾Abd al-Karim Aḥmad, Mu῾amalat Ghayr al-Muslimin fi al-Dawla
al-Islamiyya (Cairo: al-Hay᾿a al-Miṣriyya al-῾amma lilkitab, 1996), hereafter
Nariman, The Treatment of Non-Muslims; Faṭima al-῾Amer, Ta᾿rikh Ahl al-Ḍimma
fi Miṣr al-Islamiyya min al-Fath al-῾Arabi ᾿Ila Nihayat al-῾Asr al-Faṭimi (Cairo: al-
Hay᾿a al-Miṣriyya al-῾amma lilkitab, 2000) ; Maḥasen Muḥammad al-Waqqad,
al-Yahud fi Miṣr al-Mamelukia fi Ḍaw᾿ Watha᾿iq al-Geniza (Cairo: al-Hay᾿a al-
Miṣriyya al-῾amma lilkitab, 1999).
33. Sayyeda al-Kashef, Miṣr al-Islamiyya W᾿ahl al-Ḏimma (Cairo: al-Hay᾿a al-
Miṣriyya al-῾amma lilkitab, 1993), 150, hereafter al-Kashef, Islamic Egypt.
34. See Qasem, Jews of Egypt, 143–44; cf. al-Kashef, Islamic Egypt, 136.
35. Quran, sura Al-Anfal, verse 61. The translation here and in the next note
were taken from Muḥammad Zafrulla Khan, Al-Qur᾿an (London: Curzon Press,
1971).
36. Zubayda ῾Aṭa, Jews in the Arab World, 2:33.
37. Nariman, The Treatment of Non-Muslims, 46.
38. A collection of about five thousand documents which were preserved in
the Santa Catherina Monastery in the Sinai Peninsula. These documents include
purchase and selling contracts from the Byzantine period and the first years of
the Arab conquest, bills of private property, and a Hekdesh document.
39. Zubayda῾Aṭa, Jews in the Arab World, 1:112.
40. Qasem, Jews of Egypt, 91.
41. Qasem ῾Abdu Qasem, al-Yahud fi Miṣr Munḏu al-Fatḥ al-᾿Islami Ḥtta al-
Ghazu al-῾Uthmani (Cairo: Dar al-Fikr lildirasat wal-Nashr wal-Tawzi῾a, 1987),
39, hereafter Qasem, From the Muslim Conquest.
42. Qasem, Jews of Egypt: 108; Huwayda ῾Abd al-῾Aẓim Ramaḍan, al-Yahud fi
Miṣr al-᾿Islamiyya min al-Fatḥ al-᾿Islami Ḥtta al-῾Asr al-᾿Ayyubi (Cairo: al-Hay᾿a
al-Miṣriyya al-῾amma lilkitab, 2001): 149–150.
43. Qasem, From the Muslim Conquest, 24.
44. See, e.g., ῾Abdu ῾Ali ῾Arafa, The Jews’ Binder: 122–147; Shalash, The Free-
masons in Egypt, 135–46.
45. Aḥmad Ghunem and Aḥmad Abu Kaff, al-Yahud wal-Haraka al-Sahyuni-
yya fi Miṣr (Cairo: Dar al-Hilal, 1969), 62–67.
46. Ibid., 27–43; Shalash, The Freemasons in Egypt, 141; ῾Abdu ῾Ali ῾Arafa,
Yahud Miṣr min ῾Ahd al-Fara῾ina Ḥatta ῾Aam 2000 (Cairo: al-Hay᾿a al-Miṣriyya
al-῾amma lilkitab, 2000), 203–32.
47. Shalash, The Freemasons in Egypt, 9.
Issues of Jewish History as Reflected in Modern Egyptian Historiography · 253
48. This does not mention the religious Miṣr al-Fatat party founded by
Aḥmad Ḥussain in the 1930s, which held a hostile attitude toward the Jews.
49. Shalash, The Freemasons in Egypt, 82; Siham Naṣṣar, Mawaqif al-Ṣaḥafa al-
Miṣriyya min al-Ṣahyuniyya khilal al-Fatrah bayna 1897–1917 (Cairo: al-Hay᾿a al-
Miṣriyya al-῾amma lilkitab, 1993), 379.
50. Regarding this matter, Shalash mentioned that Ṭaha Ḥussain was the
supervisor of Israel Wolfensohn for his doctoral thesis presented to the Acad-
emy of Science at Cairo University, “The Jewish History in the Arab Countries
from the Days of the Jahaliya and the Islamic Period.” Shalash, The Freemasons
in Egypt, 87.
51. Ibid., 84.
52. Ibid., 86.
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