Developments in Architecture

Developments in Architecture

Made by: student of group 1-19 Murodov P.

Introduction

Since mid 20th century Architecture has experience great change. • The increasing interest in urban planning – not only involves the construction of the buildings themselves, but – it also asked for its inclusion in an area and in consonance with deep studies of their physical, social and economic impact. • The development of new and revolutionary materials has made possible the creation of some buildings that in a recent past would have been unthinkable.

Innovative Architecture

 • It combines the imagination of the architects and engineers with the aesthetic impact of materials such as reinforced concrete. • Structural solutions are revolutionary and, in addition to use industrial materials – they created sophisticates spaces through the distribution of light and – the use of materials not frequent in architecture, underlining their tactile qualities.

Innovative Architecture

• The pioneer of this architecture would be Alvar Aalto. Other architects working in this way are Eero Saarinen, Nervi, Utzon or Kahn. • Their sign of identity is the use of industrial material to solve difficult structural problems.

International Style

• It has its roots in the works of the Bauhaus and it developed in the US thanks to the influence of Mies van der Rohe and his disciples. • It is well suited to large metropolitan apartment and office towers. • These building proved to have a commercial potential and were extremely efficient for large- scale construction in which the module could be repeated indefinitely.

International Style

• Inner spaces became standardized, predictable, and profitable and exterior reflected the monotony of the interiors. • The blank glass box became ubiquitous. • These buildings are considered examples of an austere classicism, but also coldly impersonal. • Architects working in this style are Stirling, Kenzo Tange, or Philip Johnson.

Post-modern Architecture

• Between about 1965 and 1980 architects and critics began to espouse tendencies resulting in a style that is not cohesive but that has a distinct set of principles. • Postmodernists value – individuality, – intimacy, – complexity and – occasionally even humour.

 Some architects, such as Venturi, defended an architecture that can produce any kind of buildings, ( filling stations or fast-food restaurants). • Some works have references to old style and can use vivid colours. • Other architects of this movement are Graves, Meier, Jahn or Moore.

High-Tech

• The High-Tech style came to prominence in the 1970s and 1980s. • Representatives of this movement are the architects Richard Rogers, Renzo Piano and Norman Foster. • Its origins lie in the 19th century when new industrial techniques and materials, previously used on engineering projects such as bridges, began to be applied to architecture.

High-Tech buildings – are typically constructed of steel and glass, – make innovative use of technology and are often likened in appearance to the machines – draw attention to structural and functional elements. • Postmodernism is not the major strand in the most recent avant- garde architecture. • High-Tech makes expressive use of the constructional and operational aspects of a building, with features such as supporting members or heating pipes fully exposed to view.

Deconstructivism

• The works of Frank Gehry or Zaha Hadid can be considered good examples of this style.