The Middle Layer
The middle layer is how we get from a model to a satisfactory finished product.
Implementation is the act of turning a model, which is something that exists in
the designer’s mind, into something real and audible. Next we need a
grimwa
,
a book of spells and tricks that will come in handy for our practical work to
make real sounds from models. These are stock techniques that allow us to
attack a design in a structured way. Once the physical and spectral parts of a
sound are understood, well-known approaches to shaping waveforms and spec-
tra can be used to get the results we want. Within the design process we refer to
these as the
methods
. Some are explained in the following chapters, structured
into additive, table-based, modulation, shaping, and granular methods. This is
by no means a complete list of synthesis methods, but it covers the essential
principles on which other more esoteric ones are based.
15.1 Techniques of Sound Design
241
We also need a framework within which to practice, so I have included an
explanation of a formal process that treats sound design as a software engi-
neering task as well as a short chapter to give a context for sounds designed
for real-time execution in virtual reality and video games.
References
Beauchamp, R. (2005).
Designing Sound for Animation
. Focal.
Childs, G. W. (2006).
Creating Music and Sound for Games
. CTI.
Chion, M. (1994).
Audio-Vision: Sound on Screen
. Columbia University Press.
Collins, K. (2008).
Game Sound: An Introduction to the History, Theory, and
Practice of Video Game Music and Sound Design
. MIT Press.
Gibbs, T. (2007).
The Fundamentals of Sonic Art and Sound Design
. AVA.
Kaye, D., and LeBrecht J. (2000).
Sound and Music for the Theatre: The Art
and Technique of Design
. Focal.
Marks, A. (2008).
The Complete Guide to Game Audio: For Composers, Musi-
cians, Sound Designers, Game Developers
, 2nd ed. Focal.
Sider, L. (ed.) (2003).
Soundscape: School of Sound Lectures 1998–2001
. Wall-
flower.
Sonnenschein, D. (2001).
Sound Design: The Expressive Power of Music, Voice,
and Sound Effects in Cinema
. Wiese.
Viers, R. (2008).
The Sound Effects Bible: How to Create and Record Hollywood
Style Sound Effects
. Wiese.
Weis, B. (1985).
Film Sound: Theory and Practice
. Columbia University Press.
Wishart, T. (1994).
Audible Design: A Plain and Easy Introduction to Sound
Composition
. Waterstones.
Wishart, T., and Emmerson, S. (1996).
On Sonic Art
. Routledge.
Whittington, W. (2007).
Sound Design and Science Fiction
. University of Texas
Press.
Wyatt, H., and Amyes, T. (2004).
Audio Post Production for Television and
Film: An Introduction to Technology and Techniques
. Focal.
Yewdall, D. L. (2007).
The Practical Art of Motion Picture Sound
. Focal.
16
Strategic Production
SECTION 16.1
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |