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34
, 38, 56, 112, 129, 
135
strip, 48, 54, 70
suburban–urban comparisons, 2, 10,
44–45, 67, 91–92, 121, 235, 
Plate 6
suburbanization of center city, 20, 
20
Sun studies, 
131
, 132 
Supreme Court (USA), 2, 103, 112
Sustainable/sustainability, 2, 27, 62, 67,
69, 100, 106, 122, 128–129, 144,
158, 170–171, 227–228
communities, 22, 170
development (definition), 105
patterns of development, 1, 46, 49, 62,
63, 66, 100, 102, 104–107, 109,
122, 124–125, 128–129, 158–159,
163, 
163
, 170–171, 197, 228, 235,
249, 
Plate 18
transportation, 47, 145, 
162
, 171
urbanism/urban future, 10, 26, 29, 73,
89, 107, 121, 124, 128, 229
Sweden, 102
‘Taking’ of property rights, 2, 103–104,
111–112
Tax Increment Financing (TIF) District,
213
Tax structure, 46–47, 98
Taylor, Nicholas, 66
TEA-3 (Transportation Enhancement Act
number 3), 214
TEA-21 (Transportation Enhancement
Act – 21st century), 99, 214
Team 10, 16–17
Thatcher, Margaret, 20, 47, 105–107,
107
Thompson, Benjamin, and Associates,
architects, 
101
Thoreau Institute, 71
Tibbalds, Francis, 85
Toronto (Canada), 123
Town and Country Planning Act 1947
(UK), 12
Townscape, 15, 19, 
20
, 22–23, 63–65, 85,
87–88, 92, 137, 141, 201, 
222
Traditional Neighborhood Development
(TND), 22, 53–54, 56–58, 62, 66,
129, 167–168
Traditional urbanism (
see
Urbanism)
Traffic-calming, 141, 203, 215
Traffic congestion, 41–42, 47, 68–69,
116, 157–158, 161, 177–178, 180,
183, 196
Transect, 215
Transit, 33, 39, 41, 58, 62, 68, 72–73, 90,
93, 99, 101–102, 104, 123–124,
140–141, 143–144, 147–151,
158–159, 163–165, 
163
, 168,
170–171, 176–180, 182–183,
186–187, 191, 193–198, 
220–222, 225–226, 231–232, 246,
248, 252
infrastructure, 160–161, 
Plate 16
Transit-oriented Development (TOD),
22, 33, 
34
, 53–54, 56, 58, 
62
, 62,
66, 100, 128, 129, 163–165,
176–178, 180–181, 183, 187, 191,
193, 198, 220–221, 224–225, 
225
,
228, 
Plates 8
,
18–19
,
22
,
24–26
employment-led, 
163
, 177–178, 181,
193, 226, 
Plates 35
,
53
residentially-led, 177
Triangle J Council of Governments
(USA), 158, 170
Triangle Metro Center, 161, 163, 
163
,
165, 170, 
Plate 18
Triangle Transit Authority (TTA),
157–158, 161, 163–164, 169,
175–177, 179–181, 183, 187–188,
227
Troutman, North Carolina (USA), 
Plate 13
Tunbridge Wells, UK, 33
Turner, John, 152
INDEX
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Type/typology/typological, 25, 75, 81–85,
83
, 97, 115–116, 143–144, 151,
215, 217, 227
as opposed to model, 83–84, 226
building, 44, 56, 59, 76, 115, 147,
151
, 168, 177, 206, 215–216, 
238
,
240
,
241
housing, 41, 59, 92, 147, 163,
166–168, 177, 196–197, 203–204,
204
, 232
modernist, 
10
opposite of nostalgia, 84
urban/development, 21–22, 27, 33–34,
40, 46, 50, 54, 56, 58, 59, 63–64,
65
, 70, 77–79, 
78
, 82, 85, 90–91,
98, 112, 115–116, 118, 121–122,
124, 127–129, 134, 143, 147, 149,
151, 159–161, 165–167, 170,
176–179, 181, 183, 197, 
208
,
215–216, 227, 
242
vernacular, 9, 204
University of North Carolina at Chapel
Hill (UNC-Chapel Hill), 157, 161
University of North Carolina at Charlotte
(UNC-Charlotte) 25–26, 
83
, 221
University Ridge Village Center (URVC),
215
Unwin, Raymond, 38–39, 62, 85–86 (
see
also
Parker and Unwin)
Urban design, 1–3, 7–9, 15, 17, 22, 26,
30, 35, 38, 53, 57, 63, 
65
, 67, 71,
75, 78–79, 89, 92, 97, 100–101,
107, 116, 
117
, 118, 121–122, 
126
,
143–145, 151–152, 154, 160, 169,
171, 176, 207, 212, 215, 221, 223,
223
,
224
, 226–229, 232
in America, 73, 100–102, 114–115,
229
concepts for Smart Growth, 67,
235–236
definition, 109
government regulations (UK), 89,
97–98, 105–107, 109
language of democracy, 152
master plans (
see
Plans)
methodologies, 79–89
techniques, 130–142
Urban Design Alliance, 97
Urban Design Associates (UDA), 37, 99,
101
Urban design guidelines (
see
Guidelines)
Urban growth boundary, 101, 123, 126
Urban Land Institute (ULI) USA, 56, 69,
126
Urban renewal, 8–9, 11–14, 17, 20, 29,
54, 99, 146
Urban riots, 1980s UK, 9
Urban Task Force (UK), 2
Urban/outdoor public rooms, 56, 75, 78,
80–81, 89, 132, 149–150
Urban rooms(s), 25–27, 53, 59, 63, 69,
81
, 89–90, 111, 123–124, 127–130,
150, 163–4, 170, 177, 181, 183,
186–187, 192–194, 198, 204, 221,
228, 
Plates 4–6
,
18
Urbanism, 7, 17, 27, 39, 62–63, 73, 75,
84, 115, 117, 124–125, 128, 142,
146, 184, 228
modernist, 9, 12, 15
picturesque, 15, 19, 63, 75–76, 81, 85,
86
, 87
postmodern, 9, 54, 59
traditional, 7, 21–22, 
22
, 26–27, 29–30,
38, 53–54, 56, 59, 61, 63, 71–73,
75–77, 79, 82, 89–90, 115, 117
vernacular, 36, 56, 76, 86
sustainable, 89, 128
(
see also
New Urbanism)
Vallingby (Sweden), 102
van Eyck, Aldo, 16
van Ginkel, 16
Vandergrift, Pennsylvania (USA), 36
Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT), 47
Venturi, Robert and Denise Scott Brown,
30, 53–54
Vernacular
building types, 9, 59, 78, 203–204
imagery/aesthetics, 19, 37, 85, 
86
neo-vernacular, 19, 63, 
86
pseudo-vernacular, 63, 72
regional/local, 19, 36, 
86
roadside vernacular (USA), 55
urbanism, 36, 56, 76, 86
Vicar of Ladywood (Birmingham UK), 13
Villa suburbana, 30, 32
Voelcker, John, 16
Voysey, C.F.A., 36
Walkable communities, 38, 69, 90, 142,
149, 210
links to public health problems, 124
Walkable neighborhoods, 10, 25–27, 50,
59, 67–69, 70, 75, 89, 100, 124, 144
Ward, Colin, 152
Watershed protection, 144, 195, 197
Webber, Melvin,
effect of automobile on cities, 23–25
‘nonplace urban realm,’ 23, 54
Welwyn Garden City, 39
White flight (USA), 43
Whittaker, Charles, 39
Whyte, William H., 44, 87
Weissenhoff exhibition, 16
Weissenhoff Siedlung, 10
Wilford, Michael, 
107
Workforce housing, 148
Wright, Henry (
see
Stein and Wright)
Wright, Frank Lloyd
Broadacre City, 11, 41, 152
zoning code, 144
Wythenshawe (Manchester, UK), 40
Yale University, 83
Zoning, general, 58, 67, 71, 101–102,
144, 191, 221
affordable housing, 93
classifications, 215
conventional format, 21, 30, 59, 68,
70–71, 110–113, 115, 188,
198–199, 206, 220, 229
design-based, 58, 
60–61
, 109, 110,
114–115, 121, 143, 152, 153–154,
169–171, 188, 197, 198, 206, 213,
215–216, 220–221, 223, 229,
237–243
development control, 97, 109, 111,
153, 171
downzoning, 103, 111–112
economic development, 199
format, 216
history, 110, 112, 114
implementation, 154, 
179
, 191, 207,
215, 217
importance of, 112
inclusionary zoning, 130
incompatible, 158
landscape preservation and parks, 62,
116, 197
Neshoba County Fair, 76
overlay, 216
parallel code, 30, 115–116
public welfare, 103–104
relationship to regulating plan,
143–144, 215–216, 
Plate 50
rezoning, 110–111
single use, 12–13, 59, 111
separation from planning, 109–111,
113, 143, 153, 171
Smart Growth/New Urbanism, 92,
100, 109, 115–116, 130, 171, 
192
,
219–220, 222, 224
typology, 115, 116, 215–216
INDEX
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