Department of continuous professional education graduation paper

Explicit and implicit grammar: Explicit knowledge is conscious knowledge of rules obtained by formal instructions in the class. It is easy to learn for learners and it is also related to error correction practice. Enough time is very important. However, implicit knowledge is unconscious and learned naturally during other language tasks. It is like language acquisition of a child. According to me, every person gets grammar bot explicitly and implicitly. We can learn grammar rules by watching TV series or coming to classes.

Two core approaches in grammar presentations: deductive approach presents rules first and then tries to apply them. It uses general to specific principle. In that approach the teacher gives the rules directly and examples are given secondly. Using of those rules by learners is a later step. While giving rules, they should be illustrated with clear and personal examples.

Inductive approach presents rules with examples, not directly. It is expected that learners get rules from those examples. It gives chance to learners so that they could develop their own understanding strategies. We can say that it supports learning autonomy and self-reliance of students. According to me, both approaches can be used in classes because every student has their own styles, therefore we cannot say that one is better than the other.

Proposed procedure for teaching grammar: there are some main features of teaching and learning grammar according to writer. 1. Teachers explain the rule to the students and s/he does not focus on communication skills. 2. Teachers follow the activity on the course books. They think those materials are enough for students and do not search extra materials. 3. They teach grammar separately, not with other language skills. 4. It is hard for students to apply rules to speaking and writing, so they mistakes while trying to apply them. While teaching grammar we should build up students’ knowledge about rules, elicit function of rules, familiarize students with rules by means of using and exercises, check students’ comprehension and expand students’ knowledge. We should teach grammar step by step and we always help and control students.