Denov state university of department of english language and literature course paper

EDUCATION OF REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
DENOV STATE UNIVERSITY OF DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
COURSE PAPER
THEME: John Galsworthy. Forsytism- social phenomenon in England
Scientific advisor
Group:_____________
________________ Name of the student
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CONTENTS
1.Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………………5

2. 
   English novels at the beginning of the XX
   

century…………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….9

2. 
   John Galsworthy and his contribution to English
   

literature………………………………………………………………………………………………………….19

2. 
   High society in the novel – the man of
   

property…………………………………………………………………..………………………………………20
5.Conclusion……………………………………………………………….……………………………………23
6.References……………………………………………………………….…………………………………..28
INTRODUCTION
“ "Galsworthy is a philosopher and a poet, a mystic poet, and moreover the most convincing and systematic of realists.
I am not writing these words to place him in any category. I am not thinking of his manner of expression, but of his art, varied according to his point of view, which, like all great artists, is expressed by the desire to catch and represent a fact. Not a fact visible to the eye, but a spiritual essence, a mystery to keep the artist busy, the power of an idea, an intuitive grasp of what lies beneath the visible shell of a being or thing, an insight which they try to convey through their own interpretation of what they see..."
André Chevrillon "Trois etudes de literature anglaise: la poésie de
Rudyard Kipling; John Galsworthy; Shakespeare et l'âme anglaise" John Galsworthy, English novelist and playwright, author of the famous Forsyte Saga. John Galsworthy was born on 14 August 1867 in Kingston Hill, Surrey, England. Father John Galsworthy Sr. was a city dweller whose family rose rapidly up the social ladder. He was head of a law firm with several branches in the town. Marriage in his fifth decade in 1862 to Blanche Baillie Bartlett, a twenty-five-year-old girl from a well-connected family, further consolidated his position in society. Blanche was the daughter of Charles Bartlett, a justice of the peace who was highly respected in Worcestershire. Blanche had never forgotten that she had married a man of considerably lower social standing than herself, and that Galsworthy's family was nothing compared to her own. Galsworthy's father, later portrayed as old Jolyon in The Forsyte Saga, always played an important role in his children's lives. He was separated from his children by a huge age difference, he was a deep old man by the time the children grew up.”¹
“ When John was nine years old, he left the nursery for good and headed for Bournemouth to Sojin Preparatory School. In the summer of 1881 Galsworthy was transferred from Sojin to Harrow. Outwardly Galsworthy was an ordinary schoolboy, not very diligent in his studies, but who achieved great success in the athletic field. In his senior year he was both class president and head boy of Morton House. Former Harrow headmaster Dr. J. E. Weldon recalls: "He was a quiet, humble, unassuming boy... "He was a quiet, modest and unassuming boy, kept austere and dignified, made good progress both academically and in other areas of school life; but he lacked the promising beginnings from which his bright future might have been guessed. From September 29, 1886 he studied law at New College, University of Oxford. There he also developed a keen interest in horse racing and cards. This fascination later affects Jolyon Junior in the short story 'A Sad Affair'. He was a member of the Oxford University Dramatic Society, and wrote Gooddirore, a parody of Gilbert and Sullivan's opera Ruddigore or The Curse of the Witch, which he himself performed as Spooner, the eccentric teacher. In 1889 he graduated from university with a bachelor's degree in law, in 1890 he was admitted to the bar.”²
By the early summer of 1892 John Galsworthy Sr. had decided to send his eldest son abroad so that John Jr. could better learn the law of the sea. Galsworthy planned to go to Australia, then to New Zealand and the southern seas, where in the islands of Samoa, he expected to meet Robert Lewis Stevenson, an ardent admirer of the writer. In Sydney, he abandoned his original plan to sail to Samoa and instead went to New Caledonia, to the Fiji Islands. Then to Noumea, an island in the South Sea where there was a settlement of French convicts who made a huge impression on John, who then used some of the stories he heard from them in his books. It was probably Galsworthy's first encounter with human beings languishing in captivity. It was here that the very foundation of 'Forsythian' complacency was undermined, which would later lead him to visit the prison at Dartmoor to experience conditions there for himself, lead him to write 'Justice' and eventually launch a campaign to improve conditions for prisoners, and especially against the appalling inhumanity of solitary confinement. From the island of Noumea he continued on to Levuka, then proceeded to Ba. In Auckland in New Zealand he decided to return to England aboard the clipper Torrens in time for his sister's wedding. This voyage had far-reaching consequences for Galsworthy: during it he made a new friend. It was Joseph Conrad, with whom he stayed at sea for fifty-six days. All his life Galsworthy remained a passionate traveller, and in 1894 he also visited Russia. From the trip John returned home with a complete lack of desire to work in the bar. He wrote in Craig Lodge in Scotland "...How I wish I had the talent - I do believe that the nicest way to make a living is to be a writer, as long as writing is not an end in itself but a way to express your thoughts; but if you are like a shallow parched pond with no life-giving cold water, and no fanciful but beautiful creatures in the deep, what is the point of writing...?" Galsworthy's vague desires took shape in a single moment in which his whole life changed. It was a meeting at Easter 1895 at Gare du Nord in Paris, where he saw off Ada Pearson and her mother. Ada then said: "Why don't you write? You're made for it."
“Galsworthy read widely, preferring the works of Kipling, Zola, Turgenev, Tolstoy, and Flaubert before becoming an author at the age of 28. He published his first book From the Four Winds in 1897 under the pen name John Sinjohn and left the law. A collection of short stories was followed by the novels Jocelyn (1899), Villa Rubane (1900), and The Man from Devon (1901), later reprinted under the author's real name.
In 1905 Galsworthy married Ada Pearson, the former wife of a cousin. For ten years before this marriage, Galsworthy had met his future wife in secret. The opportunity to live together without hiding inspired Galsworthy's novel The Man of Property, which was completed in 1906 and which describes Ada's failed marriage through the relationship of Soms and Irene Forsyth. This novel, which earned the author a reputation as a serious writer, became his best-known work. "The Proprietor was the first volume of the Forsythe Saga trilogy.
From his first novel, The Isle of the Pharisees (1904), published under his own name, Galsworthy was a consistent critic of English society. In the novels The Proprietor, The Manor (1907), Brotherhood (1909) and Patricius (1911) he satirically depicted the mores, morals and beliefs of the merchants, landowners, the artistic community and the ruling aristocracy.
Galsworthy's work was particularly admired in America. When in
1916 it became known that he had completed his novel Stronger Than Death (1917), the editors of the American magazine Cosmopolitan immediately sent him a cheque for the right to a serial publication "with gratitude for the excellent quality of the work. However, the writer himself had no illusions about the artistic value of his novel, and in 1923 he published it in revised form. And yet from 1917 to
1938 the novel "Stronger Than Death" was republished 15 times.”³