Deganda ba'zi narsalarga yangi nomlar yaratish uchun ishlatiladigan adabiy bo'lmagan so'zlarni tushunamiz. So‘zlashuv nutqida qo‘llaniladigan jargon katta ifoda kuchiga ega. Bu asosan istehzoli so'zlar

Metaphor is the interaction of the logical and context-logical meanings of a word based on the similarity between objects. For ex: “Dear nature is the kindest mother still” Nature is likened to a Mother; we can see metaphor in all the parts of speech in adverbs, nouns, verbs, adjectives. Metaphors are classified according to 3 aspects: they are 1 how degree describing ;2 the structure, 3 the function. Authors choose different words to materialize for images. in eastern literature they are nightingale, moon, nature, war, myths. Metaphor may be genuine and trite. Genuine metaphor also known speech metaphors and They belong to language-in-action. for example: ''the dark swallowed him''. Trite metaphors belong to the language as a system, and they usually fix in dictionaries like parts of the language. In English literature have a number of trite metaphors and they are : to shoot a glance, to break one’s heart. Mainly metaphor creates images. Genuine metaphors create new images in literature but we use trite metaphors like expressive means in newspapers, articles. They help author to make the meaning more concrete in his writing.
Metonymy is is a stylistic device which based on the closeness of two concepts. In metonymy, the name of an object or event is transferred to another, but this naming is based on closeness between them not similartiy. metonymy a figure of speech when we do not use because it's more poetic to use another term which represents that word.For example, instead of saying the British monarchy, you could use the metonymy ''Crown''. Metonymy can be divided into trite metonymy ana genuine metonymy. In trite metonymy, the copied meaning is established as a secondary meaning in the semantic structure of the word. In the Over time its figurativeness and emotional colouring loses. For ex: fifty sails (fifty ships). We use metonymy frequently in our speech. For example: The whole table was stirring with impatience (people sitting round the table were impatient.). The types of metonymy are not limited. There are many types of relations which serves as a basis of metonymy. we metonymy is different from a metaphor by the fact that a metaphor may be paraphrased as a simile by means of these words: so as, like and others. but we can not do it with metonymy.
Irony and expression of something which is contrary to the intended meaning, for example we say one thing, but it means another meaning. that's why irony is stylistic device based on the realization of 2 logical meaning dictionary and contextual at the same time , but these two meanings stand in opposition to each other for ex: “How nice to cheat your mother”. we may see Irony in any part of speech, in most in a noun, adjective, adverb. and also we use irony when we convey a negative meaning. so only positive thoughts are used to convey a negative meaning. sometimes irony and sarcasm are similar. Sarcasm is a bitter or wounding remark, Usually social aims irony is also called sarcasm. Irony makes speech more effective and bitter mockery and sarcasm