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Onomatopoeia is a use of words or combinations of words that imitating of natural sound. There are two types of onomatopoeia: direct and indirect. Direct onomatopoeia contains in words that imitate natural sounds like ding-dang, bang, cuckoo and others. Onomatopoeia words are also used in a transferred meaning for example ding-dong represents the sound of bell’s rings continuously. for example: ding-dong struggle. Indirect onomatopoeia is a combination of sounds the aim of which is to make the sound of the utterance echo of its sense for example: ‘’the silken, sad, uncertain rustling of each purple curtain’’ Onomatopoeic words are divided into the 5 groups and they are: 1 Words denoting the sounds of movements: bang, boom, 2 Words denoting sounds appearing in the process of communication: babble, giggle, 3.Sounds of animals, birds, insects: buzz. 4 The sound of water: splash. 5. The sound of metallic things: clinc, tinkle and others
Alliteration is also a phonetic stylistic device. Alliteration aims at making a melodic effect to the utterance. It is based on the repetition of initial similar consonant sounds in close succession for example no pay, no play; fate and fortune. for example no pay, no play; fate and fortune. Alliteration is in most in poetry, prose and the mass media and also in proverbs and sayings. In old English literature alliteration was main principles of verse and its characteristic. Each stressed word in a line had to begin with the same sound. The names of some of the books are alliterated for example: School for Scandal, Sense and sensibility. Many proverbs built on alliteration for example: safe and sound; blind as a bat. In English, alliteration in the belles-lettres style is seen as a emphasizing phonetic device aimed at creating a strong melodic and emotional effect.
Rhyme is the repetition of identical sound combinations of words. Rhymes words are in general placed at a regular distance from each other. In poetry they are usually placed at the end of the lines. So rhyme is often used in poetry and performs different functions. One of the functions is to make expressions easy to remember. Depending on the similarity of the sounds, we distinguish the following types of rhyme: 1 full rhymes - the likeness between the vowel sound in the last stressed syllables for ex: tenderly- slenderly; finding — binding. 2 Incomplete rhymes - we can divide them into two main groups and they are vowel and consonant rhymes. In vowel groups the vowels of the syllables in the corresponding words are the same, but the consonants may be different for example: flesh - fresh. Consonant rhymes are on the contrary, show concordance in consonants and disparity in vowels, such as ‘’worth — forth’’, The rhymes are arranged in the following models 1 Couplet rhyme - when the first and second rows are rhymed. 2 Triple rhymes - all the three lines rhyme together. 3 Cross rhyming is when the first and the third, the second and the fourth lines rhyme together. 4 Ram rhyme - when the first and fourth, second and third verses rhyme together.
The stylistic device of rhythm is the regular exchange of accented and unaccented syllables in a sentence. Rhythmic arrangement we may find in prose but this is an inconsistent part of poetry. Sometimes an author uses Rhythm to produce the desired stylistic effect. Poetical rhythm is created by the regular use of stressed and unstressed syllables or equal poetical lines. rotation of stressed and unstressed syllables form named the foot. There are five feet and consequently metres in English literature and they are trochee, iambic, anapest, amphibrach and dactyl. Iambus is a foot consisting of one unstressed syllable followed by one stressed syllable. Amphibrach is a foot consisting of one unstressed syllable followed by one stressed and one unstressed syllable: Dactil is a foot consisting of one stressed syllable followed by two unstressed syllables: Anapest is a foot consisting of two unstressed syllables followed by one stressed syllables. Trochee is a foot consisting of one stressed syllable followed by one unstressed syllable:
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