|
Qozi Kalon Madrasah
Madrasah Qozi Kalon was built in 1905 by the chief judge (Qadi Kalan) of Khiva Salim Akhoon. The appearance of madrasahs and its dimensions are small and do not differ from other contemporary madrasahs. But the principle of teaching at those times this madrasah differed from other religious educational institutions. Here, along with other spiritual sciences they law studied, provided knowledge regarding rules and regulations of different taxes and dues (zakat), i.e. legal knowledges. The madrasah is decorated by the low portal in front with the central facade facing north. Under a portal there is an entrance to a three-domed mionsaray madrasah through the doors decorated with carved patterns. On the right and on the left of the three-domed lobby the domed rooms of the winter mosque and the audience for students of the madrasah are located. In the madrasah there are 15 hujras roofed by the vault in "Balkhi" style. Renowned masters of Khorezm took part in the construction of the madrasah Hudaibergen Haji, Qalandar Kochum, Baghbek Abdurakhmanov, Matchon Kulimov, Voyis Kulol and others. According to the statement of the national master-ornamentalist Abdulla Baltaev 35 students studied in the madrasah. Currently in the premises of the madrasah the exposition of the museum of history of "Musical art of Khorezm" is placed. The exhibit space is 125 sq.m. Totally 352 subjects are exposed in exposition reflecting the history of music in Khorezm from ancient times to the present days. Visitors here can optionally listen to ancient melodies (maqom) of Khorezm. The overall dimensions of the madrasah is 32,5h23,4 ms.
Karihans
In the past, in many holy places and cemeteries, mausoleums of Khiva there was a large number karikhana. In karikhanas hired Kari (reciters of the Qur'an) recited verses (verses from the Koran), dedicating them to the souls of the dead meanwhile performing prayers five times. The area around the buildings and their courtyards of karihana were constantly swept, watered and kept clean. In gratitude, the relatives of the dead paid for their services with gold coin (Tilla), or products. Before 1920 in Khiva operated 141 karihans 51 Mahsuri (special vakufkary, attached to an individual grave). They were distributed as follows. Around the mausoleum of Pakhlavan Mahmoud there was 14 karihans, around the cemetery of Abdalbaba - 4 karihans, around the mausoleum of Uch Avliya (Three Saints) - 17 karihans, around the cemetery of Tort Shavvaz (actually Tort Shakhboz - four falcon, Daredevil) - 13 karihans, at the cemetery of Kara Alam Baba - 6 karihans, around the holy place revered by Sayyid Mahi Rouilly Jahon - 74 karihans. In order for readers to understand the abovementioned, we shall give details of several karihans. Kari, which served karihana (around the mausoleum of Pahlavan Mahmud) of Mohammed Murad Divanbegi, a person by the name Qutlugh Murad received 130 batmans of grain a yeat. Kariof the karihana of Sultan Gazi tyur, located near the tomb of Allakulikhan, named Mullah Baba received 60 batmans of grain. Or kari of karihana, erected for Allabergen dzhilavdar (the groom Khan) near the cemetery of Abdalbaba, named Mohammed Sharif received 60 batmans of grain and 10 tillas (gold coins) a year. Payment for their services in reading verses of the Qur'an throughout the year dedicated to the souls of the dead and the maintenance of their graves clean was carried out in such a way.
In 141 karikhanas, 51 Mahsurs of Khiva there were 340 karis, in a year the amount paid for services was equal to 5643 tons of grain and 4430 tillas. Who were these kari? These were people who knew the Koran by heart, educated mullahs, who were educated in madrasahs, though among them there also were people with visual impairments (blind). In this case, usually, to their name the word "amo" was added. For example: - Mohammad Sharif amo kari.
Among these there is also the building of karikhana of poet and composer Kamil Khorezmi, which is located inside of his burial. Now in this building interior exposition displays the life and work of the poet. Kamil Khorezmi during the reign of Sayyid Muhammedkhan served as a simple scribe palatial offices, he was later appointed mirzabashi (Chief of Staff), then promoted and became the main Divanbegi of the state, and carried out large socio-political, and cultural events in the country. Kamil Khorezmi in 1880 was demoted to the rank and transferred to the post of mirzabashi. In 188.1883 he traveled to Tashkent, Moscow, St. Petersburg, where he studied the culture and life of the Russian people, in particular, he mastered the musical notes that on this basis served him later to create "tanbur notation " Khorezm music in Khiva. This is a useful initiative implemented as a result of direct support by the Khan of Khiva. Through the efforts of Kamil Khorezmi 24 sections (shuba) 12 maqoms which were created by the ancestors and were not recorded on paper, were placed in the form of musical tabs of six traditional Khorezm maqoms. This was even issued in a special decree of the Khan of Khiva Mohammed Rahimkhan Feruz II.
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
