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9.2. Frame analysis
As is known, frame is a schematization of experience, a knowledge structure which relates the elements and entities associated with a particular scene from human experience (GCL, p.86). In other words, frames represent a complex knowledge structure including a group of related words and concepts. As has already been mentioned in chapter 3.1.1., it consists of two levels: the upper level and the lower level. The upper level is the name of the frame; the lower level consists of terminals (slots and subslots), conveying concrete information about the situation in question.
Let’s turn to the analysis of the frame structure of the concept “Wedding”. As is known, wedding is the ceremony or celebration of a marriage, an anniversary of a marriage, the act or an instance of blending or joining. The analysis of verbal signals (lexical units, representing it) and associative links of the word “wedding” has shown that it is represented by the following linguistic units:
Linguistic units, verbalizing frame “wedding”
wedding-party, wedding-reception, wedding-breakfast, wedding-cake, wedding-feast, wedding-breakfast, wedding-reception, wedding-cake, wedding-dress, wedding-gown (подвенечное платье); wedding-garment (свадебная одежда); wedding-favour (бант или розетка шафера), wedding-ring, wedding-band, wedding bells, wedding march, а wedding present; wedding chapel, wedding service, wedding journey, the honeymoon; wedding vows, vow of chastity/celibacy/silence, wedding announcement, cutting the wedding cake, silver wedding, diamond wedding, golden wedding, the tin wedding, the wooden wedding, crystal wedding, china wedding, wedding bells, wedding march, hear the sound of wedding bells, wedding vows, vow of chastity, vow of celibacy, white wedding, shotgun wedding, penny wedding, shotgun wedding
Associative links of the lexeme “wedding”:
marriage, match, union, alliance, matrimony, matrimony, wedlock, life together, wedlock, mismarriage, nuptial vows, civil marriage, arranged match, marriage certificate, match-making, wedding service, honeymoon, marriage feast, marriage tie, widow, miscegenation, love-match, shotgun wedding, reception, bridesman, groomsman, bridal party, bridesmaid, usher, newlyweds, partner, husband, lord and master, bridal pair, married couple.
The analysis of the linguistic units and their associative links verbalizing the notion “wedding”, enables us to reveal the following slots of the frame “Wedding”:
Slot: Engagement (engagement, an engagement ring, banns, Choosing the form of marriage, Getting a license, Choosing the place of marriage, Choosing the bridesmaids’ clothing, Getting the wedding present);
Slot: Presituation: (a rehearsal of ceremony, a rehearsal dinner, hen night (BE), bridal shower (AE), stag night (bachelor party);
Slot: Place (church, altar, wedding chapel, registry office);
Slot: Agents (bridesmaid, groomsman, bridegroom /bridesman, bride);
Slot: Participants (flowergirl, pageboy, usher, best man, wedding planner, marriage broker, agent, parents, relatives, friend, guests);
Slot: Reception (wedding party, wedding feast, wedding reception, wedding celebration, wedding dinner, wedding breakfast);
Slot: Wedding attributes (wedding bells, wedding cake, wedding apparel, wedding ring); marriage license, thank-you-notes, the guest book and keepsake album).
Slot: Aims (marriage, anniversary)
Slot: Procedure: key events (marriage, wedding ceremony, wedding vows, wedding bliss, to pronounce a toast)
Slot: Types of wedding (church wedding, marriage by the registrar//register wedding, thematic wedding, exotic wedding, intermarriage, miscegenation, compulsory marriage//shotgun marriage, marriage by а special license);
Slot: Results (honeymoon, family, parenthood, marriage guidance, new relatives)
It should be noted that sometimes the traditional structure of the stereotypical frame-situation can be violated. The transformations of the frame structure are observed in case of 1) the change of the traditional content; 2) the elimination of some slots or subslots; 3) the emergence of new slots or subslots (Баранов, 1991). For instance, in Great Britain there appeared new types of weddings – thematic, exotic, humanistic (wedding between representatives of different religions, races, nationalities). These changes cause violations in the projection of the frame structure “wedding” that results in transformations of slots, subslots and terminals of a stereotype frame or their elimination.
For example, the structure of the frame-scenario of nontraditional thematic weddings (weddings of punks, hippy, emo, goths, etc.) or exotic weddings requires that, additional thematic slots should be introduced to the structure of the standard frame. In this case, transformations are observed at the level of the slots “Wedding Attributes” – clothes in the style of punks, hippy, emo (non-traditional wedding) or masks, mascaraed, clothes in the style of the Harry Potter films’ heroes, middle ages clothes, etc (thematic wedding); and “Place of Wedding” – a museum, a beach, an observatory, a planetarium, local woodland, a Maple Sugar House, golf club, the Zoo, Niagara Falls, etc.
The analysis of the frame “Wedding” in the Uzbek language proves that the main slots coincide with English. The differences are observed at the level of subslots which reflect the national world picture.
Slot: Preparation (қиз танлаш, совчилик, учрашувга чиқиш, тўй совғалар, тўй ташвиши)
Slot: Presituation: (совчилик, фотиҳа тўйи, нон-синдириш, сабзи тўғрар, ФҲДЁ бўлимига ариза бериш, таклифномалар, тўёна, сарпо)
Slot: Place (масжид, тўйхона, ФХДЁ бўлими, ҳовли);
Slot: Agents (келин, куёв, гувоҳлар);
Slot: Participants (янга, ота-она, қариндошлар,совчилар, махалла, қўшнилар, меҳмонлар)
Slot: Reception (наҳорги ош, тўй зиёфати, тантана);
Slot: Wedding attributes (карнай, сурнай, дойра, тўй узуги, чимилдиқ, чопон, дастўрхон).
Slot: Aims (никоҳ, маросим, зиёфат)
Slot: Procedure: key events (ҳутбаи-никоҳ, оёқ босар, гўшанга, чимилдиқ)
Slot: Types of wedding (никоҳ тўй, ҳовли тўй, ҳосил тўй, бешик тўй, хатна ёки суннат тўй, сабон тўй, кумуш тўй, олтин тўй);
Slot: Results (келин салом, никоҳ тўғрисида гувоҳнома, сарпо кўрар )
It should be mentioned that in the Uzbek language the lexeme “wedding” does not denote only “a ceremony of marriage” or “anniversary of marriage”, but is also used to denote:
1) different celebrations of various holidays, social (ҳосил тўй, ҳовли тўй) and family (хатна тўй, суннат тўй) events;
2) the celebration of pre-wedding presents that brides’ families send to each other (тўй юбормоқ, тўй келди);
3) the party devoted to some events (қиз базми)
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