Cutting- edge science

CUTTING- EDGE SCIENCE
August | 2020
to historical sources, the locals were engaged in making pottery and other pottery 800
years ago. It is in this district that there are red clays used in the manufacture of pottery
associated with the name Rishtan, as well as natural minerals and mountain herbs used
in their decoration. Rishtan master potters are also famous all over the world for their
unconventional methods of making pottery and decorating finished products.
Craftsmen have been teaching the secrets of their craft from generation. In Rishtan,
the work of potters who still use ancient technology can be observed in their small
workshops. At the same time, the city has a large workshop for the production of
ceramics. Rishtan pottery can be seen at many international exhibitions and fairs.
In the early 1990s, the worst situation was with traditional Uzbek pottery. The general
economic crisis occurred during the same period. Since 1993, when the social and
economic situation in Uzbekistan began to stabilize, the situation has stabilized. Rishtan
masters have restored the basic traditional forms of their wares and are now making two
types of pottery.
The masters who made flat dishes were called "kosagar". They made things that were
flat and not very high. The masters of making long, tall vessels (jugs, jars) are called
"jugs". At present, such a classification has lost its meaning. Because some craftsmen can
easily make both types of things. At the same time, many craftsmen, especially the
middle and young generation, are engaged in the manufacture and decoration of more
flat objects - bowls. In Rishtan, the method of making alkaline glaze has been revived
and masters use it to paint their dishes. The decorative content of the items made in
Rishtan determines the artistic features of Rishtan pottery. Rishtan pottery is very rich in
pattern-flower species. It contains all kinds of patterns and flowers of ceramics used in
Uzbekistan: handicrafts and Islamic patterns, symbols, images of objects, bowls with
images of animals and people, household flat dishes - trays and crockery.
Firdavs Yusupov, the son of Rishtan master Sharofiddin Yusupov, started making
terracotta toys without paint in 2012. Its length is from 10 cm to 15 cm. The heroes of the
fairy tale are made in the late XX century by the master of the Middle Ages Gafur
Khalilov. The size is from 20 cm to 40 cm, the upper part is painted in white-red-blue
lime. reminiscent of large-scale fantastic images covered with. However, the experience
of creating these Rishtan toys, which are rooted in other centres, demonstrates the
essence of the author's approach.
From the middle of the twentieth century, traditional handicrafts began to be valued
not only as household items, but also as gifts, and this continued into the new century.
Many traditional forms of art have disappeared. Only the patterns on the trays have
survived, and they have not lost their vitality. New types of patterns are also being tested
on the trays. In the XIX century, the main schools of glazed pottery of Uzbekistan were
formed. There are three schools of pottery in the country in terms of style, shape and
technological features of ceramics: north-east - Fergana school, centre - Bukhara-
Samarkand school, south-west - Khorezm school. The pottery of Fergana and Khorezm
schools is blue in colour and is mostly covered with alkaline glaze. The Bukhara-
Samarkand school supplies are yellowish-brown, with more leaded glaze used. In the
middle of the XX century in the markets of Samarkand, Shakhrisabz, Kattakurgan,
Rishtan, Kokand, Jizzakh, Khiva, Urgench it was possible to buy colourful glazed
ceramics or painted whistles.
During independence, the creation of private property and the transition to a market
economy became a key economic factor for the revival of traditional arts and crafts.
During the years of independence, a number of government documents and decrees
aimed at strengthening the status of folk craftsmen and supporting traditional handicrafts
were issued. The activities of the expert community, consisting of scientists, specialists

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