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  PArALLeL connectIon oF cAPAcItors



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Electric Circuit Analysis by K. S. Suresh Kumar

3.7 
PArALLeL connectIon oF cAPAcItors
A single equivalent capacitor can replace many capacitors connected in parallel for specific analysis 
purposes. We look into parallel equivalent and constraints on it in this section.
We consider parallel connection of n capacitors that have no mutual electrostatic coupling among 
them. Let the capacitance values be C
1
C
2
… C
n
. We assume that they have the same initial voltage 
with the same polarity at t 
=
0
-
. Let the applied current be i(t) and the voltage across the parallel 
combination be v(t). See Fig. 3.7-1. 
i
(
t
)
i
(
t
)
i
1
(
t
)
i
2
(
t
)
i
n
(
t
)
C
1
C
2
C
n
C
eq
v
(
t
)
v
(
t
)
+

+

Fig. 3.7-1 
Parallel connection of ‘
n
’ capacitors
Applying KCL along with the element equation of capacitor, we get 


Parallel Connection of Capacitors 
3.45
i t
i t
i t
i t
C
dv t
dt
C
dv t
dt
C
dv t
dt
n
n
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
(
=
+
+ +
=
+
+ +
=
1
2
1
2
C
C
C
C
dv t
dt
C
dv t
dt
C
C
C
C
n
n
1
2
1
2
+
+ +
=
= +
+ +
)
( )
( )
eq
eq
where
Thus, a parallel connection of n capacitors may be replaced by an equivalent capacitor with a 
capacitance value equal to sum of the capacitance values of n capacitors as far as the v–i relationship is 
concerned. The total applied current into the combination is shared by the various capacitors in direct 
proportion to capacitance value. i.e., 
i t
i t
i t
i t
i t i t
i t
C C
C
i t
n
n
n
j
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) : ( ) :
: ( )
:
:
( )
=
+
+ +
=
1
2
1
2
1
2
==
=
C
C
i t
j
n
j
eq
for
( )
1
It can be seen that sum of charges in the individual capacitors is same as the charge of the equivalent 
capacitor. Thus, charge is shared in proportion to the capacitance value. Similarly, the total energy stored in 
all capacitors put together is the same as the energy storage calculated using equivalent capacitance value.
Thus, parallel equivalent of n capacitors is ‘equivalent’ with respect to v–i relation, charge and 
stored energy. But keep in mind that the participating capacitors should not have mutual electrostatic 
coupling. Moreover, that they must have the same initial voltage.
If they have unequal initial voltage, high frequency oscillating currents and voltages appear in the 
local loops formed when they are put in parallel due to the inductive elements that are always present in 
any circuit. We need better model for a physical capacitor to handle this kind of problems analytically. 

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