Total Response of Circuits Using
s
-Domain Equivalent Circuit
13.31
The second view that we may adopt is that the inductor current was zero at
t
=
0
-
; but an impulse
voltage of
LI
0
V-s was applied in series with the inductor with suitable polarity. This view will explain
the initial current in the inductor becoming
I
0
though it was taken to be zero at
t
=
0
-
. Hence, the circuit
solution will be the same as the one we obtained by adopting the first point of view.
However, in the second point of view, we are fixing the voltage applied to the inductor in the past
at zero value (since the impulse voltage is zero valued for
t
< 0
-
). Thus, we are assuming that the
circuit was the same from
t
= -∞
onwards, no sources were active in it till
t
=
0
-
and some impulse
sources acted at
t
=
0 to change the initial energy storage in some elements abruptly. Thus, the circuit
and the sources active in the circuit are completely known from
t
= -∞
onwards in this point of view.
Therefore, the circuit solution is valid from
t
= -∞
. In fact, the solution will be zero for (
-∞
, 0
-
]. This
is usually denoted by multiplying all time-functions that appear in the circuit solution by
u
(
t
). The
solution will be correct for all
t
as far as the fictitious circuit that we assumed in this point of view is
concerned. However, that is not the actual circuit that we wanted to solve. The actual circuit that we
wanted to solve is the one we described under first point of view. Therefore, time-functions multiplied
by
u
(
t
) cannot be the solution in the actual circuit. We cannot solve the actual circuit for
t
< 0
-
since
the input is really unknown in this time-range. Therefore, only the right side of the solution arrived
at from the fictitious circuit, that takes into account initial conditions by bringing in impulse sources,
should be accepted as the solution for the actual circuit. Hence, the circuit solution should be specified
as time-functions with the range of applicability specified as
t
≥
0
+
. The solution for
t
< 0
-
is left
unspecified. It is understood that the circuit cannot be solved for
t
< 0
-
with the given data.
s-
Domain equivalent of a circuit uses the second point of view described above. Hence, it is
equivalent to the circuit only for
t
≥
0
+
. Circuit solution from
s
-domain equivalent circuit is obtained
by inverting Laplace Transforms. That will yield time-functions multiplied by
u
(
t
). We have to replace
u
(
t
) by ‘
for t
≥
0
+
’ before we accept the solution from
s
-domain equivalent circuit as the solution for
actual time-domain circuit.
However, in practice, this step is skipped often and the solution is left in the ‘
time-function x u
(
t
)’
format itself. This does not lead to errors in practice since we are usually interested in circuit variables
for
t
≥
0
+
only. However, in the strict sense, it is a bad practice.
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