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Electric Circuit Analysis by K. S. Suresh Kumar

13.9 
the 
s
-domaIn equIvalent cIrcuIt
Yes, it can. Laplace transform technique tells us that we do not even have to derive the circuit 
differential equation and initial values required to solve it. Let us see how.
The circuit equations arising out of applying KVL in loops and KCL at nodes are equations that 
remain true at all values of 
t
. Therefore, such equations can be differentiated and integrated with 
respect to time without changing their truth content. Moreover, of course, being equations they can be 
multiplied by the same constant or function on both sides.
We choose to multiply all KCL and KVL equations in a linear time-invariant circuit by a function 
e
-
st
, where 
s
is a complex frequency value drawn from 
s
-plane, with a real part of suitable value such 
that each term in the equation is converted into an absolutely integrable function of time (so that Laplace 
transform for that term will converge). Then we choose to integrate the equations from 0
-
to 

in time-
domain. We apply the principle that integral of sum of terms is sum of integrals of individual terms.
The result will be a conclusion – (
i

the algebraic sum of Laplace transforms of element voltages 
in any loop in a circuit is zero 
(
ii
)
 the algebraic sum of Laplace transforms of element currents at any 
node in a circuit is zero.
The Laplace transforms of voltage variables and current variables in a linear time-
invariant circuit obey KVL and KCL, respectively.
Now, suppose we know the relation between the Laplace transform of element voltage and Laplace 
transform of element current for all circuit elements. Then, we can write the node equations and mesh 
equations in terms of Laplace transforms of variables straightaway 

i.e.,
we can write the circuit 
equations in 
s
-domain straightaway instead of writing them in time-domain and transforming them into 
s-
domain at the end of solution process. Hence, we derive the element relationships in 
s
-domain first.

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