12.52
SeriesandParallel
RLC
Circuits
Solution
A pure parallel LC circuit excited by a current source should have a bandwidth that goes to zero. This
is due to the fact that for a narrow band-pass filter, the bandwidth and centre frequency are related by
bw
Q
n
=
w
. The
Q of a
pure LC parallel circuit is
∞
since its damping factor is zero.
The fact that the experiment conducted revealed a bandwidth of 6 kHz implies that there is damping
in the circuit. Winding and core losses in the inductor produce damping in the circuit. So does the
dielectric losses in the capacitor; but the effect of capacitor losses is usually small compared to the
effect of inductor losses. Hence, we assume that, the limiting of bandwidth observed is essentially due
to losses in the inductor. We can obtain the effective resistance that has come across the inductor at
and around resonant frequency using the data provided.
Undamped natural frequency of the circuit
=
1
2
1
p
LC
=
MHz
\
Center
frequency observed
=
1 MHz (because that is the expected value and the experiment
confirmed it)
Observed
bandwidth
=
6 kHz
\
The
Q factor that
is effective in the circuit
=
1000/6
=
166.7
\
The
x
factor that is effective in the circuit
=
1/2
Q
=
0.003
\
The parallel resistance that is effectively there in the circuit
=
1
2
x
L
C
=
26.5 k
W
This resistance represents the losses at 1 MHz in the inductor in the form of a resistance in parallel
with inductance.
The
Q
factor of a reactive element is defined as the ratio between maximum energy
storageinthereactancetotheenergylostinonecycleundersteady-stateoperation
atthefrequencyatwhich
Q
iscalculated.
From this definition it follows that
Q
L
R
R
L
s
p
of an inductor
=
=
w
w
where
R
s
is the resistance that
comes in series to represent the losses in the inductor and
R
p
is the resistance in parallel to the inductor
if the losses are to be represented by such a parallel resistance.
The reactance of 25.3
m
H inductor at 1 MHz is 159
W
.
Therefore
Q of the inductor
=
26500/159
=
166.7.
If the bandwidth is to be raised to 10 kHz, the
Q of the
circuit has to be lowered to 100. Then the
damping factor has to be 0.005 and the effective parallel resistance has to be
=
1
2
x
L
C
=
15.9 k
W
. There
is already 26.5 k
W
effective parallel resistance from losses in the inductor. Let
R
1
be the extra resistance
that has to be connected in parallel. Then
R
1
//26.5 k
W
has to be 15.9 k
W
. Therefore
R
1
is 39.75 k
W
.
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