2.3.3.3.2.2 Biofilm formation
Microorganisms may attach to the solid surface as biofilm or microcolony and use the mineral
surfaces as a source of nutrients (Gadd, 2007; Braud et al., 2009; Uroz et al., 2009; Flemming,
2011; Southam, 2012; Konhauser et al., 2011). Bioweathering is especially intensive when the
surface of the mineral is covered by biofilms, due to excretion of corrosive agents (acidifying
and complexing metabolites) accelerating the metal release from the underlying mineral phase
(Ehrlich, 1998). However, it does not necessarily mean an increase in metal mobility in the
environment because of their metal binding abilities, bacteria may also immobilize the metals.
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