_______ 6. Training is not critical to a team because
the team will develop any needed skills on
its own.
_______ 7. It’s easy to provide teams with the support
they need because they are basically self-
motivating.
_______ 8. Teams need little or no structure to func-
tion effectively.
_______ 9. Teams should set their own direction,
with managers determining the means
to the selected end.
_______ 10. Teams can be used in any organization.
Source:
Test adapted from J. Richard Hackman, ed.,
Groups That
Work (and Those That Don’t)
, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers,
1990, pp. 493–504.
EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE
Team Size and Performance
Purpose:
Choosing the number of members in a team
is an important decision that will affect team processes
and outcomes. A team with too few members will have
low performance because it is not receiving all the benefits
of effective teamwork. A team that is too large won’t be
able to develop strong cohesion and, again, performance
will suffer. The best team size in a particular situation
depends on the members themselves, the tasks they will
perform, and the nature of the interaction among them.
Instructions:
Step 1:
In a small class, the class will be divided into
groups of four by the instructor. In a larger class, four
students may be asked to volunteer to demonstrate in
front of the whole group.
Step 2:
Each group will receive a regular deck of 52
playing cards from the instructor. One group member
is chosen to be the “sorter.” The cards should be shuf-
fled thoroughly and placed in a stack on the desk in
front of the sorter. Another group member is the timer.
Step 3:
At a signal from the instructor, the sorter or
sorters pick up the cards. The timer notes the starting
time. They must place the cards into four stacks by suit,
arranging each stack from lowest to highest card. Aces are
considered to be high. The task is done when the cards
are in the four stacks. The timer records the elapsed time.
Step 4:
After thoroughly shuffling the cards, repeat
Step 3. This time, however, the sorter will have a
helper. The help may take any form—advice, encour-
agement, moving the cards, or anything else. After a
brief discussion of the actions the helper will take to
aid the sorter, begin timing and start the task. At the
end, the timer notes the elapsed time.
Step 5:
After thoroughly shuffling the cards, repeat
Step 3. This time, however, the sorter will have three
helpers. The help may take any form—advice, encour-
agement, moving the cards, or anything else. After a
brief discussion of the actions the helpers will take to
aid the sorter, begin timing and start the task. At the
end, the timer notes the elapsed time.
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