Convenience


Decision Making Under Uncertainty



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Fundamentals-of-Management-8th-Edition-Ricky-Griffin-978-1285849041

Decision Making Under Uncertainty
Most of the major decision making in con-
temporary organizations is done under a
state of uncertainty
, where the decision maker
does not know all the alternatives, the risks associated with each, or the likely conse-
quences of each alternative. This uncertainty stems from the complexity and dynamism
of contemporary organizations and their environments. For example, airlines continually
face uncertainty stemming from fluctuations in fuel costs. In large part to reduce this
uncertainty, Delta Air Lines recently took the unusual step of buying its own oil refin-
ery.
11
The emergence of new technology and social media as significant forces in today’s
competitive environment has served to increase both revenue potential and uncertainty
for most managers.
To make effective decisions in these circumstances, managers must acquire as
much relevant information as possible and approach the situation from a logical
and rational perspective. Intuition, judgment, and experience always play major
roles in the decision-making process under conditions of uncertainty. Even so, uncer-
tainty is the most ambiguous condition for managers and the one in which they are
most prone to error.
12
Indeed, many of the problems associated with the downfall of
Arthur Andersen resulted from the firm’s apparent difficulties in responding to
ambiguous and uncertain decision parameters regarding the firm’s moral, ethical,
and legal responsibilities.
13
state of uncertainty
A condition in which
the decision maker
does not know all the
alternatives, the risks
associated with each,
or the likely
consequences of
each alternative
Chapter 4:
Managing Decision Making
1 0 3
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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
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RATIONAL PERSPECTIVES
ON DECISION MAKING
Most managers like to think of themselves as rational decision makers. And, indeed,
many experts argue that managers should try to be as rational as possible in making
decisions.
14
This section highlights the fundamental and rational perspectives on decision
making.

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