ISO 9000:2000 and ISO 14000
Still another useful technique for improving quality
is ISO 9000.
ISO 9000:2000
refers to a set of quality standards created by the Interna-
tional Organization for Standardization; the standards were revised and updated in 2000.
These standards cover areas such as product testing, employee training, recordkeeping,
supplier relations, and repair policies and procedures. Firms that want to meet these
standards apply for certification and are audited by a firm chosen by the organization’s
domestic affiliate (in the United States, this is the American National Standards Insti-
tute, or ANSI). These auditors review every aspect of the firm’s business operations in
relation to the standards. Many firms report that merely preparing for an ISO 9000 audit
has been helpful. Many firms today, including GE, DuPont, British Telecom, and Philips
Electronics, are urging—or in some cases requiring—that their suppliers achieve ISO 9000
certification.
30
All told, more than 159 countries have adopted ISO 9000 as a national stan-
dard, and more than 610,000 certificates of compliance have been issued.
ISO 14000
is an
extension of the same concept to environmental performance. Specifically, ISO 14000
requires that firms document how they are using raw materials more efficiently, managing
pollution, and reducing their impact on the environment.
Many organizations today are using speed for competitive advantage. Listed in Table
15.3 are six common guidelines that organizations follow when they want to shorten the
time in which they must get things accomplished. Although not every manager can do
each of these things, most managers can do at least some of them.
Statistical Quality Control
Another quality control technique is
SQC
. As the term
suggests, SQC is concerned primarily with managing quality.
31
Moreover, it is a set of
specific statistical techniques that can be used to monitor quality.
Acceptance sampling
involves sampling finished goods to ensure that quality standards have been met. Accep-
tance sampling is effective only when the correct percentage of products that should be
tested (for example, 2, 5, or 25 percent) is determined. This decision is especially impor-
tant when the test renders the product useless. Batteries, wine, and collapsible steering
wheels, for example, are consumed or destroyed during testing. Another SQC method is
in-process sampling
, which involves evaluating products during production so that
needed changes can be made. The painting department of a furniture company might
periodically check the tint of the paint it is using. The company can then adjust the
color as necessary to conform to customer standards. The advantage of in-process
sampling is that it allows problems to be detected before they accumulate.
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |