Convenience



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Fundamentals-of-Management-8th-Edition-Ricky-Griffin-978-1285849041

372
Part 4:
Leading
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analyze different types of problems. Thus, a firm that often faces decisions on plant
capacity, for example, may have a capacity DSS: The manager inputs data on anticipated
levels of sales, working capital, and customer delivery requirements. Then the DSS’s
built-in transaction processors manipulate the data and make recommendations on the
best levels of plant capacity for each future time period. In contrast, a general-purpose
system, such as a marketing DSS, might respond to a variety of marketing-related pro-
blems. It may be programmed to handle “What if … ?” questions, such as “When is the
best time to introduce a new product if my main competitor introduces one in 3 months,
our new product has an 18-month expected life, demand is seasonal with a peak in
autumn, and my goal is to gain the largest possible market share?” The DSS can help
managers make decisions for which predetermined solutions are unknown by using
sophisticated modeling tools and data analysis.
An
executive support system (ESS)
is a quick-reference, easy-access application of
information systems specially designed for instant access by upper-level managers. ESSs
are designed to assist with executive-level decisions and problems, ranging from “What
lines of business should we be in five years from now?” to “Based on forecasted develop-
ments in digital technologies, to what extent should our firm be globalized in five years?
In ten years?” The ESS also uses a wide range of both internal information and external
sources, such as industry reports, global economic forecasts, and reports on competitors’
capabilities. Because senior-level managers do not usually possess advanced computer
skills, they prefer systems that are easily accessible and adaptable. Accordingly, ESSs are
not designed to address only specific, predetermined problems. Instead, they allow the
user some flexibility in attacking a variety of problem situations. They are easily accessi-
ble by means of simple keyboard strokes or even voice commands.

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