Strategic Alliances
Strategic alliances are
also becoming a popular method for financing
business growth. When Steven and Andrew
Grundy decided to launch an Internet CD-
exchange business called Spun.com, they had
very little capital and thus made extensive use
of alliances with other firms. They partnered,
for example, with wholesaler Alliance Enter-
tainment Corporation as a CD supplier. Orders
to Spun.com actually go to Alliance, which
ships products to customers and bills Spun.com
directly. This setup has allowed Spun.com to pro-
mote a vast inventory of labels without actually
having to buy inventory. All told, the firm created
an alliance network that has provided the equiv-
alent of $40 million in capital.
22
Lenders
Although
banks,
independent
investors, and government loans all provide
much smaller portions of start-up funds than
the personal resources of owners, they are
important in many cases. Getting money from
these sources, however, requires some extra
effort. Banks and private investors usually
want to see formal business plans—detailed outlines of proposed businesses and markets,
owners’ backgrounds, and other sources of funding. Government loans have strict eligibility
guidelines.
Venture Capital Companies
Venture capital companies
are groups of small inves-
tors seeking to make profits on companies with rapid growth potential. Most of these
firms do not lend money: They invest it, supplying capital in return for stock. The
venture capital company may also demand a representative on the board of directors.
In some cases, managers may even need approval from the venture capital company
before making major decisions. Of all venture capital currently committed in the United
States, around 25 percent comes from true venture capital firms.
23
In 2010, venture
capital firms invested about $18 billion in new start-ups in the United States. SoftBank
Capital is a venture capital firm that has provided funds to over 300 web companies,
including Yahoo! and E*Trade.
As noted earlier, Fred Smith used his inheritance to launch FedEx. Once he got his
business plan developed and started service, though, he needed an infusion of substantial
additional capital. All told, he raised about $80 million in venture capital to buy his first
small fleet of planes. Venture capital was also important in the launch of both Facebook
and Twitter.
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