Single-Product Strategy
An organization that pursues a
single-product strategy
manufactures just one product or
service and sells it in a single geographic market. The WD-40 Company, for example, basi-
cally manufactures one product, WD-40 spray lubricant, and for years sold it just in North
America. WD-40 has started selling its lubricant in Europe and Asia, but it continues to
center all manufacturing, sales, and marketing efforts on one product. Similarly, Michelin
has remained faithful to the cause of strictly manufacturing quality tires.
The single-product strategy has one major strength and one major weakness. By con-
centrating its efforts so completely on one product and market, a firm is likely to be very
successful in manufacturing and marketing the product. Because it has staked its survival
on a single product, the organization works very hard to make sure that the product is a
success. Of course, if the product is not accepted by the market or is replaced by a new
one, the firm will suffer. This happened to slide-rule manufacturers when electronic
calculators became widely available and to companies that manufactured only black-
and-white televisions when low-priced color televisions were first mass-marketed.
Similarly, Wrigley long practiced what amounted to a single-product strategy with its
line of chewing gums. But, because younger consumers are buying less gum than earlier
generations, Wrigley experienced declining revenues and lower profits. As a result, the
Wrigley family eventually sold their business to Mars.
24
Related Diversification
Given the disadvantage of the single-product strategy, most large businesses today oper-
ate in several different businesses, industries, or markets.
25
If the businesses are somehow
linked, that organization is implementing a strategy of
related diversification
. Virtually
all larger businesses in the United States use related diversification.
Pursuing a strategy of related diversification has three primary advantages. First, it
reduces an organization’s dependence on any one of its business activities and thus
reduces economic risk. Even if one or two of a firm’s businesses lose money, the organi-
zation as a whole may still survive because the healthy businesses will generate enough
cash to support the others.
26
At Disney, a decline in theme park attendance may be
offset by an increase in box office and DVD sales of Disney movies and vice versa.
When the firm lost millions on the poorly conceived movies
John Carter
in 2012 and
diversification
The number of
different businesses
that an organization
is engaged in and the
extent to which these
businesses are
related to one
another
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