Confiscation of instrumentalities and proceeds of corruption crimes in Eastern Europe and Central Asia

 
TABLE 3. Conditions for application of extended confiscation in the ACN countries (in the context of 
corruption crimes and money laundering) 
Country 
Regulation 
Sphere of application 
Time criteria 
Criteria for 
excess 
Lithuania 
Article 72-3 of 
the Criminal 
Code 
Less serious, serious or grave 
premeditated crime; possibility of 
obtaining a pecuniary gain 
5 years before and after 
the crime is committed 
250 monthly 
subsistence 
levels 
Latvia
Article 70-11 
of the Criminal 
Code 
A crime the nature of which is 
obtaining financial or other benefits 
No
Disproportion
ate difference 
Estonia 
Article 83-2 of 
the Criminal 
Code 
This type of confiscation should be 
expressly specified in the sanction 
under the Article of the Criminal 
Code (giving and accepting bribe, 
active and passive bribery in the 
private sector, misuse of funds or 
fraud, if committed by an official, 
and money laundering) 
10 years before the first 
degree crime* is 
committed 
5 years – the second 
degree crime* 
* applicable to third 
parties only 
Any difference 
Romania 
Article 112-1 
of the Criminal 
Code 
Corruption crimes and money 
laundering, which are potentially 
punishable by imprisonment of 4 
years and more, and which could 
bring material benefits
5 years before and after 
the crime is committed, 
and before initiation of 
proceedings, if required 
Flagrant 
excess 
Moldova 
Article 106-1 
of the Criminal 
Code 
The list of crimes is included in the 
Article itself (all corruption crimes 
and money laundering), the act 
should be motivated by greed 
5 years, covering the 
period before and after 
the crime is committed, 
before the date of 
sentencing 
Significant 
excess 
Poland 
Article 45 of 
the Criminal 
Code 
A crime, which resulted or could 
have resulted in obtaining the 
pecuniary gains, or an organised 
crime, which is potentially 
punishable by imprisonment of 5 
years and more 
During the period of 5 
years before the crime is 
committed and before 
sentencing 
No 
Serbia 
The Special 
Law
Aggravated corruption crimes and 
money laundering + value of the 
proceeds of crime, exceeding 1.5 
million Dinars
No 
Flagrant 
excess 
Croatia 
Article 78 of 
the Criminal 
Code 
Corruption crimes within the 
competence of the Office for the 
Suppression of Corruption and 
Organised Crime, if resulted in 
obtaining the pecuniary gains 
No 
Any difference 
Montenegro The Special 
Law 
Criminal Code 
(General 
provisions) 
Corruption crimes and money 
laundering, listed in the Article 2 of 
the Law, if resulted in obtaining the 
pecuniary gains 
- crimes committed by a criminal 
organization 
- money laundering 
- criminal offences against payment 
operations and economic activity 
and criminal offences against official 
duty, which were committed out of 
greed, and which carry eight-year 
prison term or a more severe 
punishment.
The proceeds of the 
crime are liable to 
confiscation if they were 
obtained in the period 
before and/or after the 
commission of any of the 
criminal offences
until the finality of 
judgment, and if the court 
establishes that the time 
when the 
proceeds were obtained 
and other circumstances 
of the case in question 
justify the 
confiscation of the 
proceeds 
Flagrant 
excess 
Bosnia and 
Herzegovina 
Article 110a of 
the Criminal 
Code 
Criminal Offences set forth under 
Chapters XVII, XVII, XIX, XXI, XXI 
A and XXII of the Criminal Code, for 
No 
Any difference 

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74 
 
which the prosecutor provided 
sufficient evidence to reasonably 
believe that such property gain was 
acquired by the perpetration of 
these criminal offences, while the 
perpetrator failed to prove that the 
gain was acquired in a lawful 
manner.