Keywords:
ISO/IEC 17025:2017, metrological traceability, reference materials, metrology, testing, calibration.
Metrological traceability is explained as the "Property of the result of measurement where the result can be
associated with the help of a document-supported undamaged chain of calibrations. In their turn, each one of these
calibrations contributes to the uncertainty of measurement". Bievre says, "Measurement is always a comparison". So, it
is important to have a reference that can serve as a unit of measurement, a standard of measurement or a procedure of
measurement.
The ISO/IEC 17025:2017 standard is open to laboratories of testing and calibration that are going to show their
competence from the technical point of view, and the ability to function their systems of management appropriately. So,
this standard`s technical requirements are formed on the notion of metrological traceability both by calibration and testing.
Metrological traceability is a key tool to guarantee that the results of measurement are analogous in space and period.
Taking a look to different examples we can see, that metrological traceability`s essence of is to provide proper
and reliable results. Therefore, laboratories competent technically are expected to know and use one common language.
For this purpose, they needed to be joined. This can be done with the use of reference standards by "key" standard of
reference. The other version is carrying out calibrations formed on measurements and physical regulars.
And now it is time to show complementary concepts: uncertainty of measurement and metrological traceability.
In order to show to which extent measurement results of calibration and testing can be applied to, the expression of
uncertainties is important. Measurement results are not compared between each other or cannot be shown with values of
reference. So, it is important to take the uncertainty of measurement into account in spite of the fact, that the result will
be compared with others. It can also lead to a decision called "“accept”
versus
“reject”" (or "“pass”
versus
“fail”").
The results show that, the uncertainties grow up with so called metrological chain. In case calibration is carried
out using a "secondary" standard of reference, its uncertainty is obviously bigger than the uncertainty of the calibration
performed with the use of a "key" standard of reference [1-3].
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