MATERIALS OF THE XVI INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE ★ March 30 - April 7, 2020
designed taking into account possible natural calamities such as hurricanes, floods,
earthquakes, etc.
Analyzing the state’s role in the organization and development of tourism
activities in developed countries of the world makes it possible to differentiate some
types of models used for state regulation as a component of the market economy in
these countries. The first model is based on the absence of any central state tourism
administration, with problems resolved on the principles of market self-organization.
This model is used in such cases when tourism is not vital for the national economy,
and tourism market participants hold strong positions and are able to solve their
problems without state involvement.
The second model stipulates a strong and respectful central body - a ministry
- that controls the operation of all tourism companies in a country. To implement
this model the following conditions are necessary: sizeable cash injections into the
tourism industry, advertising and marketing activities in particular, and investment
in tourism infrastructure. This model of tourism management organization is in use
in Egypt, Mexico, Tunisia, Turkey and other countries where tourism is a major earner
of budget revenues.
The third model is typical for developed European countries. Issues related to
the development of tourism activities in these countries are resolved within a specific
multi-industry ministry at a level of the respective sectorial division. The ministry’s
department responsible for tourism development operates in two areas, i.e. either
resolves or regulates general issues of state regulation and directs and coordinates
marketing activities.
The combination of tourism with other non-manufacturing industries, especially
culture (Azerbaijan, Andorra, Albania, Greece and Turkey) and sports (Russia,
Belarus, Kazakhstan, Poland and San-Marino) has become widespread in European
countries. There are only six countries in Europe that have general ministries for
tourism
and material industries, namely Spain, Iceland, Luxembourg, Bulgaria,
Romania and Cyprus. In Spain tourism comes under the Ministry of Industry, Energy
and Tourism.
The international practice also highlights the fourth model of state regulation
in the tourism industry. This model stipulates the establishment of a united ministry to
cover tourism and other related sectors. Typical features of this model are the
following: the tourism industry is marked as a national priority, and the authority
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