Close ties between lexicology and sociolinguistics

Sociolinguists are interested in how we speak differently in varying social contexts, and how we may also use specific functions of language to convey social meaning or aspects of our identity. Sociolinguistics teaches us about real-life attitudes and social situations.
Sociolinguistics is the descriptive study of the effect of any and all aspects of society, including cultural norms, expectations, and context, on the way language is used, and society's effect on language. It differs from sociology of language, which focuses on the effect of language on society.
Sociolinguistics is a field of study which investigates the relationship between language and society with the objective of a better understanding of the structure of language and how languages function in communication whereas in the sociology of language the goal is to discover how social structure can be understood
Sociolinguistics course could raise awareness among teachers, policy-makers and community members on the role of minority languages in schools. Studying sociolinguistics can widen educational horizons of all college students. This course can help them learn more about language variation and language use.
Sociolinguistics is defined as the study of language in relation to society whereas the sociology of language is defined as the study of society in relation to language. The goals of sociolinguistics and those of the sociology of language are different. Hudson (1980) differentiates between sociolinguistics and the sociology of language as follows: sociolinguistics is “the study of language in society, whereas the sociology of language is “the study of society in relation to language”. The focus of the two fields is different. In sociolinguistics we study society i.e. the context of language use to know more about the language and in the sociology of language we study language use to know more about society.
A sociolinguist refrains from drawing conclusions about society and in the same way a sociologist prefers to ignore any discoveries related to language. No doubt, there is a difference between sociolinguistics and the sociology of language but the main difference is basically that of emphasis. It depends on whether the investigator is more interested in language or in society, and also on whether he has more skills in analyzing linguistic or social structures.
Not only linguists and sociolinguists are interested in the study of language in society but also researchers from a variety of other disciplines like anthropologists, psychologists, educators, language planners, etc. are interested in unfolding the mystery of language. For example, anthropologists have explored the kinship systems and some psychologists are concerned with the possible effects of linguistic structure on social and psychological behavior. Many educators are involved in language planning, development of language and teaching of the standard language. If we ask both linguists and sociolinguists to analyze a construction “Shut up”, their approach to analysis will be different. A linguist will say it is an imperative sentence in which we can drop a subject. On the other hand, a sociolinguist will say it is a sentence used as a directive for giving a command and will give the norms of its usage in society.
Yasemin (2013) defined sociolinguistics as the science that investigates the aims and functions of language in society. It attempts to explain how language differs from one context to another across geographical borders and how people in one context communicate with people in other contexts (e.g., non native-nonnative speakers; nonnative-native speakers; and so on). He’s prone to learn language based on the sociocultural contexts, how the learners can communicate in one context with the others. Sali (2012), sociolinguistics is the interaction between language, culture, and society. Depending on the focus, virtually any study of language implicates a social connection because without this human component language itself would not exist. The language is linked to the interaction between language and culture, language and social phenomenon. According to Spolsky (2010) sociolinguistic is the study of the link between language and society, of language variation, and attitudes about language. It is supported by Hudson (1996) defined as a study of the relationship between language and social factors such as class, age, gender and ethnicity. Whereas Bell (1976) said it is a branch of anthropological linguistics that examines how language and culture are related, and how language is used in different social contexts. The study of stylistic and social variation of language (Wardhaugh, 2010).The study of language in relation to its social-cultural context (Van Dijk, 2009). Sociolinguistics is the study of the effect of any and all aspects of society, including cultural norms, expectations, and context on the way language is used (Trudgill, 2000).
In all these definitions, it is clear that sociolinguistics is a discipline that makes a link between sociology and linguistics. It is a branch of sociology and as a concept, it is concerned with how language use is a determinant of a given society’s linguistic requirements. Every society has its linguistic codes that are acceptable for interaction (Meyerhoff, 2006). Sociolinguistics shows how groups in a given society are separated by certain social variables like ethnicity, religion, status, gender, age and level of education and how adherence to these variables is used to categorize individuals in social classes (Hudson, 1996). The social study of language is a modern linguistic paradigm because it was the modern linguist who first acknowledged and accepted that language by its nature is totally a social phenomenon (Bell⁷, 1976). All definitions mentioned above demonstrate that sociolinguistics is related to language use and a society’s response to it.
Now the allocation of sociolinguistics as a separate linguistic discipline is already generally recognized. However, it cannot be said that the boundaries of this discipline finally decided, much remains unclear here.
There is a broad and narrow understanding of sociolinguistics. Sociolinguistics is very widely moved apart. In the well-known sociolinguistic textbook linguistics says: "The object of sociolinguistics is the language in its functioning".Thus, outside of sociolinguistics, as directly and the authors of the textbook say, only the “internal structure of the language” is found, which in the sociolinguistic approach, “is taken as a given and special is not subjected to social research” [Belikov⁸, Krysin, 2001: 17]. However, the modern, so-called functional science of language is actively engaged in. It is the linguistic functioning in various aspects “Unlike the ՙՙ black box method՚՚ ՙՙnatural՚՚ language modeling should be carried out taking into account how a person really uses the language, that is, how he masters the language, how he storesin his memory knowledge of the language, how he uses this knowledge in the process of speaking, listening, cognitive activities, etc.
The pursuit of the above quote of adequacy is very important, and it forces to expand the boundaries science of language and bring it closer to other human sciences" [Kibrik, 1983/1992:19–20]. In various strands of structuralism, explicitly or implicitly proceeded from the "black box" method, and what happens to people "actually deed", traditionally studied only one rather isolated from the rest of the lingua linguistic discipline - experimental phonetics. But can we assume that any functioning of the language is subject to sociolinguistics? Here is one example. In the article by E.N. Vinarskaya, published in the 1970s, described the case far advanced aphasia, in which the patient (his gender was not indicated) retained the lexical stock of only one and a half dozen units was reduced, among which was like: Oh girls! (of course, the phrase here has turned into an indivisible word). The gender of the patient is obvious: it is a woman. Of course, a husband could say the same.