Chirchik state pedogogical institute

What is scientifitic-fantastic novels?
Scientifitic-fantastic is a type of literature that deals with inventive technologies, futurism, space travel and exploration, and other science-based components. Technically, science fiction is a subgenre of the larger genre of fiction, but because science fiction is such a vast and broad category on its own, most writers and readers consider it a standalone genre.
Science fiction blends authors’ imaginative creations with scientific ideas, theories, predictions, and conjectures. Authors often utilize science fiction to explore the complexities and limitations of human nature in extraordinary circumstances.
The term science fiction was first used in 1851, but it wasn’t until 1929, when it appeared in advertisements for an early sci-fi magazine Air Wonder Stories, that the term entered the public lexicon.

The History of scientifitic-fantastic novels.

The wonders of the unknown have long sparked the imagination. Writers have broken down the barrier between mythology and known facts since ancient times. Assyrian satirist Lucian wrote one of the first science fiction works, A True Story, in the second century; it was about space travel, extraterrestrial life, and interplanetary battles.
The Scientific Revolution brought forth new ideas and discoveries that inspired writers to imagine what lay beyond the ever-increasing known world. The emphasis on knowledge during the Age of Enlightenment enhanced science fiction further, with writers crafting complex worlds and stories that drew from evolving understandings about science and human nature.

Once the novel became the preeminent literary form in the 19th century, detailed science fiction tales emerged. Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and Jules Verne’s Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea were among the most widely read science fiction novels.

As space exploration—first as a dream, then as a reality—took centerstage during the latter-19th and 20th centuries, science fiction continued to expand and imagine what was possible.

During the 1960s and 1970s, science fiction writers began to experiment with the form, infusing it with heavily literary sensibilities and more creative storytelling devices. Socially conscious sci-fi works also emerged during this period, touching upon issues such as feminism, civil rights, and class disparities. Social themes that reflect the times continue to interest sci-fi writers, with much attention paid to 21st-century issues like environmental destruction, the repercussions of the Internet and seemingly limitless information, and the ethics of human cloning.

The study of science fiction, or science fiction studies, is the critical assessment, interpretation, and discussion of science fiction literature, film, TV shows, new media, fandom, and fan fiction. Science fiction scholars study science fiction to better understand it and its relationship to science, technology, politics, other genres, and culture-at-large. Science fiction studies began around the turn of the 20th century, but it was not until later that science fiction studies solidified as a discipline with the publication of the academic journals Extrapolation (1959), Foundation: The International Review of Science Fiction (1972), and Science Fiction Studies (1973), and the establishment of the oldest organizations devoted to the study of science fiction in 1970, the Science Fiction Research Association and the Science Fiction Foundation The field has grown considerably since the 1970s with the establishment of more journals, organizations, and conferences, as well as science fiction degree-granting programs such as those offered by the University of Liverpool and the University of Kansas.
Forrest J Ackerman has been credited with first using the term "sci-fi" (analogous to the then-trendy "hi-fi") in about 1954; the first known use in print was a description of Donovan's Brain by movie critic Jesse Zunser in January 1954. As science fiction entered popular culture, writers and fans active in the field came to associate the term with low-budget, low-tech "B-movies," and with low-quality pulp science fiction. By the 1970s, critics within the field, such as Damon Knight and Terry Carr, were using "sci fi" to distinguish hack-work from serious science fiction. Peter Nicholls writes that "SF" (or "sf") is "the preferred abbreviation within the community of sf writers and readers." Robert Heinlein found even "science fiction" insufficient for certain types of works in this genre, and suggested the term speculative fiction to be used instead for those that are more "serious" or "thoughtful.