Children infectious diseases

the flow of oxygen through the endotracheal tube

everything is wrong

576. 
     What type of pneumonia develops more often in infants?
     
     1. 
        *focal
        
     2. 
        croupose
        
     3. 
        interstitial
        
     4. 
        segmentary
        
     5. 
        lobar
        

577. 
     What vaccine for the influenza prophylaxis is the most effective?
     
     1. 
        living one from high-virulent viruses
        
     2. 
        living one from attenuated viruses
        
     3. 
        killed with complete virion
        
     4. 
        *sub unit
        
     5. 
        from split virion
        

578. 
     What is the duration of shigellosis incubation period?
     
     1. 
        *a few hours -7 days;
        
     2. 
        1-3 days;
        
     3. 
        1-5 days;
        
     4. 
        1-10 days;
        
     5. 
        5-30 days.
        

579. 
     What part of large intestine is damaged at shigellosis?
     
     1. 
        blind and ascending colon
        
     2. 
        ascending and transversal colon;
        
     3. 
        transversal and descending colon;
        
     4. 
        descending and sigmoid colon;
        
     5. 
        *sigmoid colon and rectum
        

580. 
     What course of dysentery if it lasts for 4 weeks?
     
     1. 
        Protracted
        
     2. 
        *Acute
        
     3. 
        Chronic continuous
        
     4. 
        Chronic relapsing
        
     5. 
        Protracted carrying
        

581. 
     What is the duration of dysentery Sonnei treatment by furazolidone?
     
     1. 
        3 days.
        
     2. 
        5 days.
        
     3. 
        7 days.
        
     4. 
        *10 days.
        
     5. 
        14 days.
        

582. 
     What type of immunity will develop after an acute dysentery?
     
     1. 
        *Short type specific.
        
     2. 
        Prolonged specific.
        
     3. 
        Prolonged type specific.
        
     4. 
        Short nonspecific.
        
     5. 
        Prolonged nonspecific.
        

583. 
     What does play the main role in pathogenesis of dysentery chronization?
     
     1. 
        endotoxin component.
        
     2. 
        Infectious dose of agent.
        
     3. 
        bacteremia.
        
     4. 
        *Lowering of immunological reactivity.
        
     5. 
        Allergic component.
        

584. 
     What course of the shigellosis is typical for the children of early age?
     
     1. 
        *Protracted with slow reparation of intestine.
        
     2. 
        mild with minimum expressed toxic syndrome.
        
     3. 
        Moderate with predominance of colitis syndrome.
        
     4. 
        Not sever, but complicated by vaginitis.
        
     5. 
        With the brief damage of intestine.
        

585. 
     When the duration of dysentery is chronic?
     
     1. 
        The disease lasts till 3 weeks.
        
     2. 
        The disease lasts till 1 month.
        
     3. 
        The disease lasts from 1.5 till 3 months.
        
     4. 
        The disease lasts till 3 months.
        
     5. 
        *The disease lasts more than 3 months.
        

586. 
     Till what time the duration of dysentery will be noted as protracted?
     
     1. 
        Till 1 month.
        
     2. 
        Till 3 weeks.
        
     3. 
        *From 1.5 to 3 months.
        
     4. 
        Till 3 months.
        
     5. 
        More than 3 months.
        

587. 
     How long the duration of dysentery is noted as an acute?
     
     1. 
        till 3 weeks.
        
     2. 
        *till 1 month.
        
     3. 
        from 1.5 till 3 months.
        
     4. 
        till 3 months.
        
     5. 
        More than 3 months.
        

588. 
     Indicate, that will influence on dysentery severity and duration of incubation period.
     
     1. 
        Secretion of toxins.
        
     2. 
        Presence of bacteremia.
        
     3. 
        Infectious phase.
        
     4. 
        *Way of infection.
        
     5. 
        Age of the child.
        

589. 
     Choose the most expedient treatment for an acute dysentery, mild degree in preschooler?
     
     1. 
        ciprofloxacin
        
     2. 
        ceftriaxon
        
     3. 
        *bacteriophage
        
     4. 
        probiotics
        
     5. 
        intestinal enzymes
        

590. 
     What phases of typhoid fever pathogenesis develop in its latent period?
     
     1. 
        bacteremia
        
     2. 
        septicemia
        
     3. 
        parenchyma diffusion
        
     4. 
        allergic
        
     5. 
        *digestive, invasion
        

591. 
     What week of illness in case of the typhoid fever intoxication appear?
     
     1. 
        on 1^st
        
     2. 
        *on 2^nd
        
     3. 
        on 3^rd
        
     4. 
        on 4^th
        
     5. 
        on 5^th
        

592. 
     Where in the organism the S.typhi will store longer?
     
     1. 
        in spleen
        
     2. 
        in kidneys
        
     3. 
        *in goal bladder
        
     4. 
        in duodenum
        
     5. 
        in liver
        

593. 
     The agent of typhoid fever is:
     
     1. 
        Salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi.
        
     2. 
        Salmonella enterica serovar charity.
        
     3. 
        Salmonella enterica serovar schotmuelleri.
        
     4. 
        *Salmonella enterica serovar typhi.
        
     5. 
        Salmonella enterica serovar anatum.
        

594. 
     Indicate the terms of final negative answer at hemoculture test?
     
     1. 
        On 2^nd day
        
     2. 
        On 5^th day
        
     3. 
        On 6^th day
        
     4. 
        On 8^th day
        
     5. 
        *On 11^th day
        

595. 
     What is the evidence to do hemoculture test on typhoid agent?
     
     1. 
        *With the purpose of early diagnostics
        
     2. 
        With the purpose of prophylaxis
        
     3. 
        With the purpose of atypical forms of agent diagnostic
        
     4. 
        For the serological diagnostic
        
     5. 
        With the purpose of determination of source of infection
        

596. 
     Hemoculture test is expedient for confirmation of typhoid fever because on the first week of disease is observed:
     
     1. 
        toxemia.
        
     2. 
        *bacteremia
        
     3. 
        septicemia
        
     4. 
        septicopyemia
        
     5. 
        viremia
        

597. 
     What terms does Salmonella typhi appear in the urine of patients?
     
     1. 
        Does not present in the urine
        
     2. 
        *In the end of the first up to the beginning of the second week
        
     3. 
        In the end of the second up to the beginning of the third week
        
     4. 
        on the third week of the disease
        
     5. 
        on the fourth week of the disease
        

598. 
     Choose from enumerated a virus which most often causes watery diarrhea without blood in child’s age:
     
     1. 
        Coхakie virus
        
     2. 
        *rotavirus
        
     3. 
        poliovirus
        
     4. 
        rhinovirus
        
     5. 
        echovirus
        

599. 
     The main reason of diarrhea at rotaviral infection is:
     
     1. 
        Damage of the intestinal epithelium
        
     2. 
        *increased concentration of sugar in the small intestine
        
     3. 
        increased concentration of electrolytes in the small intestine
        
     4. 
        intracellular presence of virus
        
     5. 
        Activating of adenylatcyclase
        

600. 
     Agent of viral hepatitis A belongs to:
     
     1. 
        *enterovirus
        
     2. 
        orthomyxovirus
        
     3. 
        picornavirus
        
     4. 
        adenovirus
        
     5. 
        retrovirus
        

601. 
     Name the disease that is caused by enteropathogenic E.coli?
     
     1. 
        Intestinal yersiniosis
        
     2. 
        Rheumatism
        
     3. 
        *Intestinal Escherichiosis
        
     4. 
        Scarlet fever
        
     5. 
        Shigellosis
        

602. 
     What methods of laboratory diagnostics can be used for confirmation of Rotaviral gastroenteritis?
     
     1. 
        indirect hemagglutination reaction
        
     2. 
        method of molecular hybridization
        
     3. 
        method of immune electronic microscopy
        
     4. 
        *immune enzyme analysis
        
     5. 
        All answers are correct
        

603. 
     Which early laboratory test will prove the etiology of an acute intestinal infection?
     
     1. 
        Serological
        
     2. 
        Biological
        
     3. 
        Allergic
        
     4. 
        Microscopic
        
     5. 
        *Bacteriological
        

604. 
     What test is it necessary to do for diagnostics of entheric escherichiosis?
     
     1. 
        *Bacteriological
        
     2. 
        Serological
        
     3. 
        Biological
        
     4. 
        Allergic
        
     5. 
        Microscopic
        

605. 
     Choose the optimal etiological medicine for severe acute dysentery.
     
     1. 
        *cephalosporins of 3^rd generation.
        
     2. 
        nithrofurans.
        
     3. 
        trimetoprim/sulfomethoxasolum.
        
     4. 
        nalydixic acid.
        
     5. 
        aminoglycosides of 2^nd generation.
        

606. 
     Indicate the leading clinical syndrome of dysentery at the children of senior age:
     
     1. 
        atonic
        
     2. 
        respirator
        
     3. 
        dyspepsia
        
     4. 
        cardio-vascular
        
     5. 
        *distal colitis
        

607. 
     Which complication is the most frequent at shigellosis?
     
     1. 
        Meningitis.
        
     2. 
        Encephalitis.
        
     3. 
        Hepatitis.
        
     4. 
        Nephrite.
        
     5. 
        *prolapsed rectum.
        

608. 
     What serovar of Shigella is the most probably cause of food toxic infection?
     
     1. 
        Sh. Flexneri.
        
     2. 
        *Sh. Sonnei.
        
     3. 
        Sh. Boydii.
        
     4. 
        Sh. Dysenteriaе.
        
     5. 
        Аntamоeba histolytica.
        

609. 
     Choose the most optimum etiologic medicine for typical form of acute dysentery, moderate degree in preschooler.
     
     1. 
        ampicillin.
        
     2. 
        ceftriaxon.
        
     3. 
        *nithrofurans.
        
     4. 
        gentamicin.
        
     5. 
        ofloxacin.
        

610. 
     Indicate the mechanism of bacterial dysentery transmission:
     
     1. 
        by food
        
     2. 
        by water
        
     3. 
        *fecal-oral
        
     4. 
        contact-domestic
        
     5. 
        air-droplet
        

611. 
     Name the Shigella dysenteriae property.
     
     1. 
        *Immobile bacilli.
        
     2. 
        is sensitive to low temperatures.
        
     3. 
        Secrets exotoxin.
        
     4. 
        gram-positive cocci.
        
     5. 
        Forms capsule.
        

612. 
     What pathogenetical changes are the first in case of shigellosis?
     
     1. 
        Intestinal dysbiosis.
        
     2. 
        Dysfunction of bowels.
        
     3. 
        Formation of hemorrhages.
        
     4. 
        *Damage of colon epiteliocytes.
        
     5. 
        Damage of the vegetative nervous system.
        

613. 
     What serovar of Shigella is the most pathogenic?
     
     1. 
        Shtutser-Shmits;
        
     2. 
        Larg-Sax;
        
     3. 
        Newcastle;
        
     4. 
        *Grigor’ev-Shiga;
        
     5. 
        Flexner.
        

614. 
     What is recommended as a basic treatment for mild Shigellosis in adolescent?
     
     1. 
        fluoroquinolones
        
     2. 
        pancreatic enzymes
        
     3. 
        *probiotics
        
     4. 
        aminoglycosides
        
     5. 
        cephalosporins
        

615. 
     Indicate the day from the disease beginning, when it is better to do bacteriological test of feces in case of escherichiosis:
     
     1. 
        7^th day
        
     2. 
        5^th day
        
     3. 
        3^rd day
        
     4. 
        2^nd day
        
     5. 
        *1^st day
        

616. 
     What diseases, with the most probability, can be caused by enterotoxigenic E.coli?
     
     1. 
        *cholera-like
        
     2. 
        Dysentery-like
        
     3. 
        Infections of urinary tract
        
     4. 
        Peritonitis
        
     5. 
        Toxic shock
        

617. 
     At what form of viral hepatitis A is it need to give corticosteroids?
     
     1. 
        Mild form
        
     2. 
        Moderate with the signs of cholestasis
        
     3. 
        Severe form
        
     4. 
        *Fulminant form
        
     5. 
        A right answer is not present
        

618. 
     Atypical viral hepatitis A forms are:
     
     1. 
        *notjaundice, effaced, subclinical
        
     2. 
        fulminant, hypertoxic, effaced
        
     3. 
        asymptomatic, hemorrhagic, notjaundice
        
     4. 
        generalized, effaced, asymptomatic
        
     5. 
        There is no right answer
        

619. 
     Bed regime at viral hepatitis A lasts:
     
     1. 
        3-4 days
        
     2. 
        1 week
        
     3. 
        *2-3 weeks
        
     4. 
        1 month
        
     5. 
        Is not need
        

620. 
     Clinical periods of hepatitis A:
     
     1. 
        Catarrhal, jaundice, restoration
        
     2. 
        Cholestatic, catarrhal, recovery
        
     3. 
        *Pre-jaundice, jaundice, recovery
        
     4. 
        Catarrhal, height, remaining phenomena
        
     5. 
        There is no right answer
        

621. 
     Complications of what intestinal infection are: intestinal bleeding, perforation of the rectum, and rectal prolapse, anal fissures and gaping?
     
     1. 
        Salmonellosis
        
     2. 
        Typhoid fever
        
     3. 
        Yersiniosis
        
     4. 
        *Shigellosis
        
     5. 
        Cholera
        

622. 
     Describe sensitivity of hepatitis B virus to the terms of external environment.
     
     1. 
        *stable to boiling during 30 min, ether, formalin
        
     2. 
        Quickly perishes at high temperatures
        
     3. 
        Sensible to disinfectant solutions (alcohol, ether, formalin)
        
     4. 
        stable to freezing and drying
        
     5. 
        Quickly perishes at boiling, stable to ether, formalin
        

623. 
     Protracted hepatitis B is diagnosed if its duration is:
     
     1. 
        2-4 months
        
     2. 
        *3-6 months
        
     3. 
        6-9 months
        
     4. 
        6-12 months
        
     5. 
        9-12 months
        

624. 
     For the acute hepatitis B the following clinical periods are typical:
     
     1. 
        Incubation, prodromal, jaundice, postjaundice, recovery
        
     2. 
        *prodromal, jaundice, postjaundice, recovery
        
     3. 
        Catarrhal, jaundice, postjaundice, recovery
        
     4. 
        Incubation, jaundice, postjaundice, recovery
        
     5. 
        Incubation, prodromal, jaundice, recovery
        

625. 
     What will be the recommend dose of nithrofurans for dysentery treatment?
     
     1. 
        *5-10 mg/kg per day.
        
     2. 
        2-4 mg/kg per day.
        
     3. 
        15-20 mg/kg per day.
        
     4. 
        30-50 mg/kg per day.
        
     5. 
        75-100 mg/kg per day.
        

626. 
     What serological test will help to identify the bacillus antigen structure?
     
     1. 
        precipitation
        
     2. 
        complement binding
        
     3. 
        neutralization.
        
     4. 
        *agglutination.
        
     5. 
        opsonization
        

627. 
     Average duration of hepatitis A pre-jaundice period is:
     
     1. 
        *3-5 days
        
     2. 
        10-12 days
        
     3. 
        14-20 days
        
     4. 
        20-30 days
        
     5. 
        1 month
        

628. 
     What type of shigella more frequent is transmitted by the contact-domestic way?
     
     1. 
        Sh. Flexneri.
        
     2. 
        Sh. dysenteriaе Larg-Sax.
        
     3. 
        Sh. boydiі.
        
     4. 
        *Sh. dysenteriaе Grigor'ev-Shiga.
        
     5. 
        Sh. Sonnei.
        

629. 
     In a pre-jaundice period of viral hepatitis A differential diagnostic should be done with:
     
     1. 
        salmonellosis
        
     2. 
        food poisoning
        
     3. 
        shigellosis
        
     4. 
        *URT infection
        
     5. 
        Escherichiosis
        

630. 
     The source of typhoid fever is:
     
     1. 
        sick man and animal
        
     2. 
        *sick man, carrier
        
     3. 
        ducks
        
     4. 
        domestic animals
        
     5. 
        infected food products, water.
        

631. 
     In case of hepatitis B infection chronic form develops in:
     
     1. 
        *3-5 %
        
     2. 
        10-20 %
        
     3. 
        20-50 %
        
     4. 
        50-70 %
        
     5. 
        50-100 %
        

632. 
     In case of hepatitis С infection chronic form develops in:
     
     1. 
        2-5 %
        
     2. 
        10-20 %
        
     3. 
        *20-50 %
        
     4. 
        50-70 %
        
     5. 
        50-100 %
        

633. 
     What shigella most often has the water-way of transmission?
     
     1. 
        *Sh. Flexneri.
        
     2. 
        Sh. Sonnei
        
     3. 
        Sh. dysenteriaе
        
     4. 
        Sh. boydii
        
     5. 
        Аntamоeba histolytica
        

634. 
     `Indicate the disease etiology of cholera:
     
     1. 
        DNA-containing virus
        
     2. 
        RNA-containing virus
        
     3. 
        Gram-negative diplococcus
        
     4. 
        *arcuated Gram-negative sticks with a plait
        
     5. 
        stick of a dumbbells-similar shape
        

635. 
     In typical cases of dysentery at the children of early age emptying are:
     
     1. 
        *Turbid, green, in small amount, with mucus and blood
        
     2. 
        liquid, green with undigested oddments of meal;
        
     3. 
        liquid, green without mucus;
        
     4. 
        liquid, green with mucus;
        
     5. 
        liquid, orange with mucus.
        

636. 
     Incubation period at viral hepatitis A lasts:
     
     1. 
        3-7 days
        
     2. 
        8-10 days
        
     3. 
        7-14 days
        
     4. 
        7-21 days
        
     5. 
        *10-45 days
        

637. 
     Indicate a dose, number and duration of corticosteroids administration at fulminant hepatitis B.
     
     1. 
        *Prednisolone 10-15 mg/kg daily in 4 equal doses
        
     2. 
        Prednisolone 2-3 mg/kg daily in 2 equal doses for 3-5 days with sharp abolition
        
     3. 
        Prednisolone 1 mg/kg daily during a month, according to organism's rhythm, with gradual abolition
        
     4. 
        Prednisolone 5 mg/kg daily for 5 days in a 1 reception
        
     5. 
        Prednisolone 2-3 mg/kg daily, in 4 equal doses for 7-10 days;
        

638. 
     Indicate a dose, number and duration of corticosteroids administration at severe hepatitis B.
     
     1. 
        Prednisolone 10-15 mg/kg daily in 4 equal doses
        
     2. 
        Prednisolone 2-3 mg/kg daily in 2 equal doses for 3-5 days with sharp abolition
        
     3. 
        Prednisolone 1 mg/kg daily during a month, according to organism's rhythm, with gradual abolition
        
     4. 
        Prednisolone 5 mg/kg daily for 5 days in a 1 reception
        
     5. 
        *Prednisolone 2-3 mg/kg daily, in 4 equal doses for 7-10 days;
        

639. 
     Jaundice at viral hepatitis A lasts:
     
     1. 
        3-5 days
        
     2. 
        8-10 days
        
     3. 
        *10-12 days
        
     4. 
        7-14 days
        
     5. 
        1 month
        

640. 
     Lack of body weight in malnutrition of 2nd degree is:
     
     1. 
        Up to 5%
        
     2. 
        5-10%
        
     3. 
        11-20%
        
     4. 
        *21-30%
        
     5. 
        Over 30%
        

641. 
     Level of bilirubin at the viral hepatitis A mild form is:
     
     1. 
        10-15 mcmol/l
        
     2. 
        *Not higher 82 mcmol/l
        
     3. 
        100-120 mcmol/l
        
     4. 
        150-200 mcmol/l
        
     5. 
        more than 200 mcmol/l
        

642. 
     Most epidemiology and clinical value among serological varieties on our territory have the following types of shigella:
     
     1. 
        Grigor'ev-Shiga;
        
     2. 
        *Sonnei and Flexneri
        
     3. 
        Newcastle and Larg-Sax;
        
     4. 
        Sonnei and Grigor'ev-Shiga;
        
     5. 
        Boydii and Shtutser-Shmits
        

643. 
     Name clinical diagnostic criteria of hepatitis B jaundice period:
     
     1. 
        hepatomegaly, pain syndrome, maximal activity of hepatic-cellular enzymes, bilirubinuria, urobilinuria, discoloration of excrements
        
     2. 
        toxic, dyspepsia, catarrhal, astheno-vegetative syndromes, hepatomegaly, pain syndrome, high activity of hepatic-cellular enzymes, presence of viral antigens in a blood
        
     3. 
        *jaundice, hepatomegaly, pain syndrome, rashes on a skin, hemorrhagic syndrome, splenomegaly, discoloration of excrements
        
     4. 
        High activity of hepatic-cellular enzymes, absence of clinical signs, presence of viral antigens in a blood
        
     5. 
        Rashes on a skin, hemorrhagic syndrome, splenomegaly, maximal activity of hepatic-cellular enzymes
        

644. 
     Name hepatitis B markers:
     
     1. 
        anti HAV IgМ and anti HAV IgG
        
     2. 
        anti HCV IgМ, viral RNA
        
     3. 
        anti HЕV IgМ, viral RNA
        
     4. 
        anti HВV IgМ and HВV IgG
        
     5. 
        *HBsAg, HbeAg, HbcAg, anti НBе, anti НВс IgM, IgG, viral DNA, DNA-polymerase
        

645. 
     Name hepatitis C markers:
     
     1. 
        anti HAV IgМ and anti HAV IgG