Chapter One: Every Adult Was Once a Child
Felitti came to this realization almost:
Vincent J. Felitti recounts the history of how he came to
understand the role of trauma in his patients’ health when he began to investigate why patients who
were successfully losing weight at his obesity clinic at Kaiser were dropping out of the program. It
didn’t make sense; the clinic was helping these same patients to accomplish previously unheard of
weight losses, something they claimed to want. And yet they were leaving when they started
succeeding. In order to understand why, Felitti decided to meet with them one-on-one. He began
interviewing them with a time-line approach, asking, “What did you weigh at birth, in kindergarten,
in sixth grade, and if you can’t recall, were you the fattest kid in class, the thinnest, or regular size?”
For some time two nurses in Kaiser’s weight program who worked with Felitti had occasionally
hinted to him about patients referring to “sexual issues.” So Felitti intended to ask patients their age
when they first became sexually active. But in one of his interviews he misspoke and asked a woman
how much she had weighed when she first became sexually active. She answered, “Forty pounds,”
and then sobbed the words, “It was with my father.” Not knowing what to do or how to respond, Dr.
Felitti slowly continued the time line and learned that shortly after being sexually abused, his
patient’s weight gain began. Ten days later he stumbled across another childhood sexual abuse case,
in which an interviewee talked about early abuse, and he began to pursue this issue routinely with all
the obesity patients he was seeing. The results were staggering, causing him to initially doubt his
findings. “It seemed that every other person I questioned acknowledged a history of childhood sexual
abuse,” Felitti says. He thought, “This can’t be. People would
know
if this were true. Someone would
have told me. Wasn’t that what medical school was for?” Over several months Felitti collected 186
such cases in the weight program. When he reviewed his records, it turned out that 55 percent of the
patients he interviewed in the obesity program acknowledged a history of sexual assault. He had five
colleagues interview the next hundred patients in the obesity program, to make sure he wasn’t
somehow showing bias. They got the same results. Felitti became convinced that “this relationship
between early trauma and obesity was real but that no one wanted to know this,” he says. “Most
colleagues even felt that such questions couldn’t be asked, and told me, ‘You can’t ask questions like
that! Patients will be furious and no one will tell you the truth anyway.’ ” The Adverse Childhood
Experiences Study was born out of these “counterintuitive observations in the obesity program,”
including “our discovery of the
threat
imposed by major weight loss,” says Felitti. In other words,
women who have faced trauma may unconsciously want to keep weight on as a defense against
sexual advances and abuse, and men who have been abused may unconsciously want to keep weight
on as protection (as in “throwing your weight around”). This early history on Felitti’s experiences as
a physician prior to developing the Adverse Childhood Experiences Survey, both in the text of this
book, and here, comes from email exchanges on February 2, 2015 as well as conversations with
Vincent J. Felitti, MD, over the past two years.
It became clear to him that for his patients:
V.J. Felitti, K. Jakstis, V. Pepper, et al., “Obesity:
Problem, Solution, or Both?,”
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