Chapter Five: The Good Enough Family
Ninety-one percent of men who, decades earlier:
L. G. Russel and G. E. Schwartz, “Feelings of
Parental Caring Predict Health Status in Midlife: A 35-Year Follow-up of the Harvard Mastery of
Stress Study,”
Journal of Behavioral Medicine
20, no. 1 (February 1997), 1–13.
This was true regardless of family medical history:
L. G. Russel and G. E. Schwartz, “Narrative
Descriptions of Parental Love and Caring Predict Health Status in Midlife: A 35-Year Follow-up of
the Harvard Mastery of Stress Study,”
Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine
2, no. 6
(November 1996), 55–62.
The work of Robin Karr-Morse:
Robin Karr-Morse is coauthor with Meredith S. Wiley of the books
Scared Sick: The Role of Childhood Trauma in Adult Disease
(New York: Basic Books, 2012) and
Ghosts in the Nursery: Tracing the Roots of Violence
(New York: Grove Press, 2013).
When this kind of emotional trauma happens routinely:
This understanding comes from my email
conversations with Robin Karr-Morse as well as from this interview: Thomas Rogers, “How Stress is
Really
Hurting
Our
Kids,
Salon
(January
2,
2012),
http://www.salon.com/2012/01/02/how_stress_is_really_hurting_our_kids/
(accessed May 15, 2014).
If Mom has a flu during certain windows of pregnancy:
R. E. Kneeland and S. H. Fatemi, “Viral
Infection, Inflammation and Schizophrenia,”
Progress in Neuropsychopharmacology and Biological
Psychiatry
42 (April 5, 2013), 35–48.
These effects last for generations:
P. Dominguez-Salas, S. E. Moore, M. S. Baker, et al., “Maternal
Nutrition at Conception Modulates DNA Methylation of Human Metastable Epialleles,”
Nature
Communications
5 (April 29, 2014), 3746; Assad Meymandi, MD, PhD, “The Science of
Epigenetics,”
Psychiatry
(Edgmont) 7, no. 3 (March 2010), 40–41.
Even more startling, this anxious behavior:
Inna Gaisler-Salomon, “Inheriting Stress,”
The New York
Times Sunday Review
(March 7, 2014),
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/09/opinion/sunday/can-
children-inherit-stress.html
(accessed February 22, 2015).
Studies show that merely observing another person:
V. Engert, F. Plessow, R. Miller, et al., “Cortisol
Increase in Empathic Stress Is Modulated by Social Closeness and Observation Modality,”
Psychoneuroendocrinology
, April 17, 2014.
These infants’ heart rates went up:
S. F. Waters, T. V. West, and W. B. Mendes, “Stress Contagion:
Physiological Covariation Between Mothers and Infants,”
Psychological Science
25, no. 4 (April
2014), 934–42.
Babies whose parents argued a lot at home:
A. M. Graham, P. A. Fisher, and J. H. Pfeifer, “What
Sleeping Babies Hear: A Functional MRI Study of Interparental Conflict and Infants’ Emotion
Processing,”
Psychological Science
24, no. 5 (May 2013), 782–99.
For instance, kids whose moms suffer from anxiety:
C. U. Rask, E. Ørnbøl, E. M. Olsen, et al.,
“Infant Behaviors Are Predictive of Functional Somatic Symptoms at Ages Five to Seven Years:
Results from the Copenhagen Child Cohort CCC2000,”
Journal of Pediatrics
162, no. 2 (February
2013), 335–42.
Nor did they learn from Grace:
T. Dix, A. Moed, and E. R. Anderson, “Mothers’ Depressive
Symptoms Predict Both Increased and Reduced Negative Reactivity: Aversion Sensitivity and the
Regulation of Emotion,”
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