Child Psychology and Psychiatry


The importance of a developmental model



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066 Child Psychology and Psychiatry

The importance of a developmental model
A developmental model characterized by change
is needed when assessing children. Neuropsycho-
logical functioning changes with age in adults,
but change is relatively slow and assessments
at ages 25 and 45 may show relatively small
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Paediatric neuropsychological assessment I: an assessment framework
differences, except in the case of underlying
pathology. In contrast, change, often rapid,
is
expected in children. Alteration in the trajectory
of previous normal development, or failure to
develop between two assessment points is the
critical issue. Even a relatively small loss of skills
should be taken seriously in children even though
this can be a feature of typical development.
Neurological damage may lead to different
problems depending on the age at injury, and
the age at which assessment is undertaken. For
instance, damage to language areas at 3 or 4 years
of age may lead to problems coping with complex
grammatical structures, but at puberty might result
in problems with abstract thought and reasoning.
If injury occurs at a time of rapid change, there
is an increased likelihood that functional damage
will be greater than when development is slow.
Knowledge of normal development is therefore
an absolute prerequisite in assessment and
formulation in child neuropsychology.

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