Attachment and separation
Table 15.1
Attachment behaviour rating scales and classifications for the Strange Situation
Procedure [2].
Interactive behaviour scales
Proximity seeking
The intensity and persistence to make contact on reunion with
the caregiver. An infant scoring high on this scale makes a
purposeful approach to the caregiver and takes initiative to
make contact
Contact maintenance
The persistence in maintaining contact with the caregiver once it
is achieved. A high score on this scale is given when an infant
displays resistance to being put down (e.g. clinging), persistent
efforts to remain close to the caregiver, or any sign the infant is
not ready to terminate contact (e.g. a sinking embrace to
mother)
Resistance
The intensity and duration of angry behaviour and resistance of
contact directed towards the caregiver. Examples include
pushing away, batting away, arching back, squirming to get down
Avoidance
The intensity, duration and promptness of attempts to avoid
contact/interaction with the caregiver. Examples of avoidance
are averting gaze, moving away and ignoring the caregiver
Disorganized/ disoriented
Anomalous behaviour, e.g.: sequential or simultaneous displays
of contradictory behaviour; undirected, misdirected or
incomplete behaviours; stereotypies, freezing, disorientation;
fearful responses in presence of the caregiver
Infant attachment classification profiles
Secure
Secure infants use the caregiver as a secure base for exploration
and as a source of comfort when needed. The infant is visibly
aware of the caregiver’s absence at separation. At reunion, the
infant greets the caregiver with an approach, smile, gesture or
vocalization and seeks contact with the caregiver if distressed.
Contact is comforting and infant is able to return to play
Insecure-Avoidant
An avoidant infant appears to be more interested in the
environment than the caregiver throughout the procedure.
During separation from the caregiver the infant is typically not
upset. Upon reunion, the infant will ignore or actively avoid
contact
Insecure-Ambivalent
An ambivalent infant prefers to maintain contact with the
caregiver than to explore the environment, or exploration is
limited. During separation the infant will be distressed. At
reunion the infant displays angry behaviours towards the
caregiver and/or is inconsolable. Contact with the mother is not
effective in regulating the infant’s state or supporting a return to
play
Insecure-Disorganized
The infant’s behaviour lacks an organized, coherent strategy in
relation to the caregiver. See above for behavioural descriptions
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |