Promoting children’s well-being
13
Promoting Children’s Well-Being
Paul Stallard
Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
WHAT’S NEW
•
School-based prevention programmes provide an opportunity to widely promote and
maintain the psychological well-being of children.
•
The effects of these programmes are, however, variable with those focusing upon anxiety
showing more promise than those focusing upon depression.
•
Targeted programmes produce greater immediate treatment effects although the potential
benefits of universal prevention programmes in maintaining healthy status and reducing the
prevalence of new disorders have seldom been assessed.
•
Variability within studies indicates the need for methodologically robust research to identify
important mediators and moderators.
•
An analysis of costs/benefits and delivery models is required to determine whether
school-based prevention programmes should be widely available and are sustainable in
schools.
Community surveys highlight that psychological
problems in children and young people are com-
mon and can significantly impair everyday func-
tioning [1,2]. If left untreated, problems persist and
increase the likelihood of psychological problems
in adulthood [3,4]. Improving the mental health
of children is an important public health objective
and although effective treatments are available the
majority of children, particularly those with emo-
tional disorders, remain unidentified and untreated
[5]. Focusing upon the treatment of established dis-
orders will therefore have a limited impact upon
the psychological health of children.
An alternative approach is that of prevention,
which aims to reduce the prevalence of psycho-
logical problems and disorders while optimizing
Child Psychology and Psychiatry: Frameworks for practice
, Second Edition. Edited by David Skuse, Helen Bruce,
Linda Dowdney and David Mrazek.
2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Published 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
psychological well-being. This can be achieved by
the widespread provision of programmes designed
to reduce or mitigate the effects of known mental
health risk factors while enhancing protective fac-
tors at the individual, family and community level.
Prevention programmes, therefore, help children
to become more resilient and better able to cope
with stress and adversity thereby maintaining their
healthy status.
PREVENTION
Prevention programmes are typically conceptual-
ized as universal, selective or indicated, with each
having a different focus and aim [6] (Table 13.1).
Universal
programmes
are
provided
to
all
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