Child Psychology and Psychiatry


Discovering psychiatric pharmacogenomics



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066 Child Psychology and Psychiatry

Discovering psychiatric pharmacogenomics
have focused on this potential for positive outcome
even in the light of relatively low certainty that any
given child will benefit. Essentially, the potential
reward of a dramatic response has been judged
a sufficiently valuable benefit to justify treatment
even knowing that as many as half of the treated
patients will not have an effective response.
Currently, psychotropic medications play a
role in the treatment of children with virtually
every psychiatric diagnosis. Yet, the evidence
base for the implementation of psychopharma-
cological treatment remains relatively subjective.
Furthermore, inconsistencies in the conduct and
reporting of clinical trials have led to considerable
controversy. At the heart of this dialogue is the
clinical observation that many children respond
dramatically to psychotropic medications while
other children do not respond at all or, in fact, get
worse. Despite years of investigation, it has only
been in the last decade that our understanding of
some of the biological factors responsible for these
variable responses has begun to come into focus.
There are two major issues that have slowed
the adoption of psychopharmacological treatment
in both the USA and Britain. The first is the
recognition that there are a wide range of adverse
drug effects that occur in patients treated with any
class of psychotropic medications. The second is
an almost universal appreciation that there is wide
individual variability in the response of children
to treatment with psychotropic medications. After
years of using empirical approaches to guide
the use of psychotropic medications for child
psychiatric illnesses, there is now an evidence-
based methodology to aid clinicians both to select
medications and to predict the appropriate dosage
for a specific patient.

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