Box 18.4
Practice points
•
Traumatic experiences are common and
can have long-lasting psychological
effects [13]
•
Children are especially vulnerable to
the effects of extreme stress [8,9]
•
Parental accounts are unreliable — it is
therefore important to interview the
child
•
Specific treatments work best as part of
a multi-modal intervention [13]
for post-traumatic disorders [25]. However, few
studies have looked specifically at children [13].
Antidepressants, especially selective serotonin
reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), are effective, at least
in the short term, in treating symptoms of hyper-
arousal, such as irritability and sleep disturbance,
as well as those of depression. Night terrors, startle
responses, avoidance reactions and overactivity
may respond to propranolol (a
β
-blocker) or
clonidine (an
α
2
-noradrenergic agonist) [26].
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