“chemical engineering”

Polymer adhesives

ĶPI 432

Professor Mārtiņš Kalniņš

Course description: 2Credit units; 32 hours (32 lectures)

Control forms: exam
Course content:

• 
  General conceptions. General characteristic of adhesion and interface processes. Concepts: adhesive joint, adhesive, substrate
  
• 
  Structure of substrate surface. Surface structure of metal, glass, ceramics, wood, polymer and other substrates: topography, chemical structure, surface free energy, structure gradients, adsorbed layers, boundary layers. Methods of substrate surface investigation.
  
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  Process of adhesive joint formation. Formation of contact surface (wetting, spreading). Formation of interfacial bonds. Acid-base interaction. Formation of interfacial chemical bonds. Formation of boundary layers by interdiffusion. Formation of adhesive boundary layers in contact with dense solid substrate. Weak boundary layers. Chemical interface and boundary processes. Coupling agents.
  
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  Structure of the adhesive joint. Surface of substrate, contact surface. Speculative strength of the adhesive joint for interfacial fracture and fracture in the boundary layer of the adhesive.
  
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  Formation of autohesive bonds between adhesive layer.
  
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  Formation of cohesive strength of the adhesive.
  
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  Hardening of thermoplastic and curable adhesives. Change of the adhesive volume, formation of internal stresses.
  
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  Main components of adhesive compositions and their functions.
  
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  Curable adhesives. Phenol- and urea formaldehyde, epoxy, unsaturated polyesters, poliurea and other adhesives.
  
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  Thermoplastic adhesives: based on vinylchloride copolymers, polyvinilchloride derivatives, polyvinylacetate and others.
  
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  Pressure-sensitive adhesives.
  
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  Hot-melt adhesives.
  
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  Preparation of materials for adhesive bonding. Shaping, mechanical treatment of the surface, surface cleaning. Control of surface cleanness.
  
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  Preparation of adhesives.
  
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  Gluing process.
  
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  Control of gluing quality. Destructive and nondestructive methods.
  
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  Principles of adhesives selection.
  

Literature:

	L-H. Lee	Adhesive Bonding, N-Y., London, Plenum Press, 1991, p.p. 476
	L-H. Lee	Fundamentals of Adhesion, N-Y., London, Plenum Press, 1992, p.p. 454
	A.W. Adamson	Physical Chemistry of Surfaces, 5-th Ed., N-Y., Wiley & Sons, 1990, p.p. 777.
	Ed. E.H. Schindel-Bidinelly	Konstrukcion Kleben, Ein Lehrgang, N-Y., WCH, 1988, p.p. 328
	M. Kalniņš	Sintētiskās līmes un līmēšanas process”, (Synthetic Glues and Gluing) Liesma”, Rīga, 1973, 233 lpp
	Ed. I. Skeist	Handbook of Adhesives, N-Y., Reinhold, 1989, p.p. 767

Finishing of fiber materials

ĶPI 433

Associated Professor Skaidrīte Reihmane

Course description: 2Credit units; 32 hours (16 lectures, 16 laboratories)

Control forms: test
Course content:

• 
  Preparatory Processes. Purpose of singeing. Sizing and desizing. Requirements for polymers used for sizing. Chemical and biological desizing agents. Scouring of different fiber types and fabrics (cotton, silk, wool, man-made fibers). The purpose and technology of mercerization and carbonization processes. Bleaching. Chemistry of bleaching with oxidizing (Cl containing and peroxide) and reducing bleaching agents. Influence of pH and temperature of the bath on the bleaching processes. Optical brightening of textiles. Stages of preparation for fabrics manufactured from cellulosic, protein, man-made fibers and their mixtures. Preparation of fabrics for printing. Thermosetting.
  
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  Dyeing and Printing Theory and technology of dyeing and printing. Dyes uptake as a function of the properties of substrate, dye and technological conditions. The nature of bonds between the dyes and fibers, their influence on colour fastness properties. Classification of dyes (chemical and technical). Application of dyes containing anionic functional groups (direct, acid, reactive, vat, sulphur). Cationic, disperse dyes and pigments. Principles of choice of dyes for dyeing and printing of textile materials. Aftertreatments of coloured textiles. Methods of colourfastness improving. General properties of printing colours. Thickeners and their choice. Main printing methods. Treatment of fabrics after printing.
  
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  Final Finishing Understanding of mechanical and chemical final finishing processes. Dimensional stabilization and production of surface effects with mechanical and thermal methods. Chemicals and finishing methods for improving functional properties of textiles. Special (water and oil repellence, anti-static, flame-retardant etc.) finishes, their fastness properties.
  

Literature:

1. 
   Reihmane S. Tekstilķīmija. Lekciju konspekts. Riga, 1998.
   
2. 
   Laboratory works in textile materials chemical technology. Moscow, 1994 (in Russian).
   
3. 
   Hvala A. Anger V. Textile Auxiliary Products.Part I, II Moscow, 1991 (in Russian).
   
4. 
   Vigo T.L. Textile Processing and Properties. NJ, Elsevier, 1994.
   

The legal basis of cultural heritage protection

ĶPI 436

Assistant Professor Rihards Pētersons

Course description: 2Credit units; 32 hours (32 hours lectures)

Control forms: exam
Course content:

• 
  Idea about the cultural heritage. The process of identification, documentation and valuation of material culture. Cultural monuments as the most important part of cultural heritage. Listing of monuments. The Law of Latvian Republic about The Protection of Cultural Heritage /1992, amendments in 1993, 1995/ and the Regulation of Ministry of Chambers /1992/.
  
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  The groups of monuments: architecture, city building, history, art and archaeology. The specific requirements towards this monuments. The cultural heritage institutions of state and local levels. Their structure and characterization of work.
  
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  Other legislation and resolutions in Latvian Republic connected with protection of cultural monuments /building, territorial planning, zoning, criminal and civil code, administrative regulations etc./. International laws. The Hague Convention, Venice Charter, Mexico Declaration etc. The UNESCO Convention concerning the protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage /1972/. UNIDROIT Convention.
  

Literature:

1. 
   Kultūras pieminekļu saraksts Latvijas PSR teritorijā.- R., 1959, 218 lpp.
   
2. 
   Latvijas PSR kultūras pieminekļu saraksts.- R., 1969, 312 lpp.
   
3. 
   Latvijas PSR vēstures un kultūras pieminekļu saraksts.- R., 1984, 292 lpp.
   
4. 
   Appleyard Donald. The Conservation of European Cities.- London, 1979, 308 p.
   
5. 
   Barthel Diana. Historic Preservation.- New Jersey, 1996, 138 p.
   
6. 
   Fitch James Marston. Historic Preservation, 3.ed.- Virginia Press, 1995, 432 p.
   
7. 
   Lowenthal David. The Past is a Foreign Country, 6.ed.- Cambridge, 1995, 490 p.
   
8. 
   Ross Michael. Planning and the Heritage. Policy and Procedures.- London, 1996, 138 p.
   
9. 
   Siehr Kurt. The UNIDROIT Draft Convention on the International Protection of Cultural Property. - International Journal of Cultural Property, 1994, vol.3, Nr.2, 301-307 pp.
   

Recycling of polymer materials

ĶPI 501