“chemical engineering”

Textiles-material science

ĶPI 429

Associated Professor Skaidrīte Reihmane

Course description: 5Credit units; 80 hours (32 lectures, 48 laboratories)

Control forms: exam
Course content:

• 
  Fibers as high molecular compounds. Types of fibers forming polymers. Main factors, impressing properties of fibers and main stages of man-made fibers production.
  
• 
  Natural fibers. Natural vegetable fibers (NVF), their structure and properties. Cellulose - main structure element of vegetable fibers. Natural admixtures of cellulosic fibers. Chemical and physical properties of NVF, their application in textiles. Protein fibers (wool, natural silk). Structure of proteins. Proteins as ampholytes. Chemical composition and structure of keratin and fibroin. Protein fibers properties and application.
  
• 
  Man - made fibers. Fibers obtained from natural polymers (viscose, acetates, cupro etc), their structure, properties and application. Synthetic fibers. Carbochain (acrylic, polyvinylalchocol, polyvinylchloride, polyolefines) and heterochain fibers (polyamides, polyesters, polyurethanes), their production and properties. Comparison of textile fibers using following characteristics: classification, chemical properties (active groups, bonding between macromolecules, sorptive properties, chemical resistance), temperature, biological and environmental resistance, application. Identification of fibers.
  
• 
  Textiles as object of restauration and conservation. Making fibers into yarns. Effects of twist. Types and size of yarns. Woven and knitted fabrics, other methods of fabric construction. Understanding level about the care of textile products.
  

Literature:

1. 
   Reihmane S. Tekstilķīmija. Lekciju konspekts. Rīga, 1998.
   
2. 
   Hatch K.L. Textile Science. NJ, West Publish. Comp., 1993.
   
3. 
   Fritz A., Cant J. Consumer Textiles. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1994.
   
4. 
   P.G. Tortora Understanding Textiles. NJ, Maccmillan Publish. Comp., 1987.
   

5. 
   Landi S. The Textile Conservators Manual. London, Butterworths, 1985.
   

Biocorrsion

ĶPI 430

Assistant Professor Līvija Vulfa

Course description: 4Credit units; 64 hours (32 lectures, 32 laboratories)

Control forms: exam
Course content:

• 
  Microorganisms, morphology and metabolism of bacteria and fungi.
  
• 
  Environmental conditions - temperature, moisture and pH influence on microorganisms.
  
• 
  Mechanisms of physical and chemical biodeterioration, ferments, acids etc.
  
• 
  Biocides action mechanisms. Boideterioration of wood, paper, textiles, leather, metals, natural stone, ceramics, glass and porcelain, methods to prevent biodeterioration.
  
• 
  Lichens and mosses, insects and rodents, they role in biodeterioration.
  
• 
  Microorganisms investigation methods: washing off, foot-marks (imprints, impresses) etc. Examination of microorganisms. Microscopical preparations.
  
• 
  Studies in Latvian State archive - exudation and analyses of sowings;
  
• 
  in Brothers Cemetery - examination of lichens and mosses, application of biocides; in Restoration Centre of National library - acquaintance with desinfication methods; in Ethnographic Open Air museum - biodeterioration of wood, wood treatment with antiseptics.
  

Literature:

1. 
   1987. -352c
   
2. 
   U. Rfytdcrfz. 1984. -230c.
   
3. 
   Biotechnology, vol.8. Microbial Degradations. VCH, 1984. -744p.
   
4. 
   Biodegradation of Cultural Property. Ed. O.P. Agrval.- New Delhi: Macmillan India Ltd.,1991. -494 p.
   
5. 
   G. Caneva, M.P. Nugari, O. Salvadori. Biology in the Conservation of Works of Art.- Rome: ICCROM, 1991. -182 p.
   

Conservation of textiles

ĶPI 431

Associated Professor Skaidrīte Reihmane

Course description: 5Credit units; 80 hours (32 lectures, 48 laboratories)

Control forms: exam
Course content:

• 
  Conception of restauration and conservation of textiles. Documentation and estimation of objects. Ancient textiles, methods of investigations. Identification of fibers, methods of analysis of textile structures, used dyes and damage of textile materials. Fundamental aspects of textiles degradation, conservation and storage of textiles.
  
• 
  Textile materials finishing. Preparatory processes. Sizing and desizing. Scouring and cleaning of different fiber types and fabrics (cotton, silk, wool, man-made fibers). The purpose of mercerization, carbonization and thermosetting. Bleaching. Chemistry of bleaching with oxidizing (Cl containing and peroxide) and reducing bleaching agents. Optical brightening of textiles.
  
• 
  Dyeing and Printing. History of dyeing and printing. Main classes of dyes (natural and synthetic). The nature of bonds between the dyes and fibers, their influence on colour fastness properties. Principles of choice of dyes for dyeing and printing of textile materials. Aftertreatments of coloured textiles. Methods of colourfastness improving.
  
• 
  Final Finishing Understanding of mechanical and chemical final finishing processes. Chemicals and finishing methods for textiles conservation: antimildew, antirot, antibacterical, light deterioration, mothproofing and other finishes, their fastness properties.
  

Literature:

1. 
   Reihmane S. Tekstilķīmija. Lekciju konspekts. Rīga, 1998.
   
2. 
   Laboratory works in textile materials chemical technology. Moscow, 1994 (in russian).
   
3. 
   Hvala A. Anger V. Textile Auxiliary Products.Part I, II Moscow, 1991 (in russian).
   
4. 
   Vigo T.L. Textile Processing and Properties. NJ, Elsevier, 1994.
   
5. 
   Nikitin M., Melnikova E. Chemistry in Restauration. Moscow, 1990 (in russian).
   
6. 
   Allen N. S. Polymers in Conservation. Cambridge, 1992.
   
7. 
   Mahall K. Quality Assessment of Textiles. Berlin , Springer,1993.