Chapter hvac engineering Fundamentals: Part 1 Introduction



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HVAC HANDBOOK

Equipment: Part 2
353
Where outside air temperatures are below freezing, a glycol solution
is used.
These systems are always custom-designed, and have no geometric
limitations; i.e., the coils may be widely separated or close together.
System calculations are iterative. The coil face areas are based on
known air quantities, at about 500 ft / min. (The coils need not have
the same face area.) A water quantity is assumed, and coil
k
factors
are determined. The air temperatures for outside air and exhaust air
entering the coils are part of the HVAC design. The water and / or brine
temperatures are unknown, as are the air temperatures leaving the
coils. By definition, the heat transfer quantities in the two coils must
be equal to each other, and equal to the quantity transferred by the
water. Four equations apply:
For air,
Q

CFM

1.08(
t

t
)
(10.1)
a
a
i
o
For the airside of the heat exchange coil,
Q

MED

Ak

ROWS
(10.2)
For the waterside of the coil,
Q

GPM

(
t

t
)(500)
(10.3)
w
w
i
o
For MED,
GTD

LTD
MED

(10.4)
ln(GTD / LTD)
where
Q

heat transferred, Btu / h
MED

mean temperature difference
A

coil face area, ft
2
CFM

air flow rate, ft
3
/ min
GPM

water flow rate, gal / min
a
i
,
a
o

air in, air out
w
i
,
w
o

water in, water out
GTD

greatest temperature difference, air to water
LTD

least temperature difference, air to water
ln

natural log (base
e
)
(See Sec. 9.7 for further discussion of these equations.)
Three or four iterations will usually suffice to obtain a satisfactory
answer. If this indicates a possible frost condition on the exhaust coil,
it will be necessary to recalculate, assuming that the three-way control
Equipment: Part 2
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